@article{pmid29579014,

title = {Physical Test to Estimate Suitable Workloads for an Exercise Program in Breast Cancer Survivors},

author = {Guillamó E and Travier N and Oviedo GR and Fonseca-Nunes A and Alamo JM and Cos F and Roca A and Niño O and Agudo A and Javierre C},

doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000002337},

issn = {1533-4287},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

journal = {J Strength Cond Res},

volume = {34},

number = {12},

pages = {3593--3599},

abstract = {Guillamó, E, Travier, N, Oviedo, GR, Fonseca-Nunes, A, Alamo, JM, Cos, F, Roca, A, Niño, O, Agudo, A, and Javierre, C. Physical test to estimate suitable workloads for an exercise program in breast cancer survivors. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3593-3599, 2020-Epidemiologic studies suggest that patients with breast cancer who gain weight after diagnosis have a higher risk of recurrence and death. Regular physical exercise can help minimize postdiagnosis weight gain. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a physical test for individualizing the workloads used during a fitness program. To continuously individualize the intensity of the training, a test was designed and integrated into the sessions. The test consisted in monitoring heart rate and workload during 2 bouts of cycling at moderate intensity. The workload parameters recorded during the tests were later used as reference values to plan the intensity of the next in-person training sessions. The 5 tests conducted during the 12 weeks of the intervention showed significant differences in intensity (F = 3.034, p = 0.047). Compared with the first evaluation, the intensities measured during the third, fourth, and fifth tests presented increases of 9.9% (p = 0.02), 13.2% (p = 0.019), and 17.5% (p = 0.002), respectively. A significant increase in workload with respect to body weight was observed in the physical assessment performed after the program (t = 13.2, p = 0.0001). The peak oxygen consumption with respect to body weight (peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2) achieved by the subjects during the assessment at the end of the program had also increased (t = 9.72, p = 0.0001). The intensity test, introduced in the training sessions along with the physical exercise program, was an easy-to-use, practical tool for monitoring intensity. It allows an adjustment of the workload over the program period that respects the individual progression of each patient.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33023825,

title = {Differences in breast cancer risk after benign breast disease by type of screening diagnosis},

author = {Louro J and Román M and Posso M and Comerma L and Vidal C and Saladié F and Alcantara R and Sanchez M and Quintana MJ and Del Riego J and Ferrer J and Peñalva L and Bargalló X and Prieto M and Sala M and Castells X},

doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2020.09.005},

issn = {1532-3080},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Breast},

volume = {54},

pages = {343--348},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We aimed to assess differences in breast cancer risk across benign breast disease diagnosed at prevalent or incident screens.nnMATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with data from 629,087 women participating in a long-standing population-based breast cancer screening program in Spain. Each benign breast disease was classified as non-proliferative, proliferative without atypia, or proliferative with atypia, and whether it was diagnosed in a prevalent or incident screen. We used partly conditional Cox hazard regression to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios of the risk of breast cancer.nnRESULTS: Compared with women without benign breast disease, the risk of breast cancer was significantly higher (p-value = 0.005) in women with benign breast disease diagnosed in an incident screen (aHR, 2.67; 95%CI: 2.24-3.19) than in those with benign breast disease diagnosed in a prevalent screen (aHR, 1.87; 95%CI: 1.57-2.24). The highest risk was found in women with a proliferative benign breast disease with atypia (aHR, 4.35; 95%CI: 2.09-9.08, and 3.35; 95%CI: 1.51-7.40 for those diagnosed at incident and prevalent screens, respectively), while the lowest was found in women with non-proliferative benign breast disease (aHR, 2.39; 95%CI: 1.95-2.93, and 1.63; 95%CI: 1.32-2.02 for those diagnosed at incident and prevalent screens, respectively).nnCONCLUSION: Our study showed that the risk of breast cancer conferred by a benign breast disease differed according to type of screen (prevalent or incident). To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the impact of the screening type on benign breast disease prognosis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33034737,

title = {Online sales compliance with the electronic cigarettes ban in India: a content analysis},

author = {Amalia B and Kapoor S and Sharma R and Fu M and Fernández E and Rana JS},

doi = {10.1007/s00038-020-01480-6},

issn = {1661-8564},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

journal = {Int J Public Health},

volume = {65},

number = {8},

pages = {1497--1505},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate the availability of and to characterise the internet electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vendors (IEVs) that continued to sell vaping devices in an Indian city despite the promulgation of an Indian Ordinance on 18th September 2019 that prohibits e-cigarettes nation-wide.nnMETHODS: A structured internet search engine queries to identify IEVs. Subsequently, a content analysis to all identified IEVs was performed to check if they delivered vaping products to a New Delhi address (non-compliant with Indian Ordinance). Those non-compliant IEVs were then described according to some characteristics of interest.nnRESULTS: Sixteen out of 45 identified IEVs (35.6%) were not compliant with the Indian Ordinance. Amongst them, half were general e-commerce, 75.0% did not apply any age verification methods, and 56.3% did not feature health or safety warnings on their websites. Many of these IEVs employed a wide range of promotional strategies, such as price discounts, health benefits claims, and social networks utilisation.nnCONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes were still highly available and accessible in an Indian capital city through online sales following a bold step taken by the country to totally ban vaping products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33187964,

title = {Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre-post study},

author = {Candal-Pedreira C and Ruano-Ravina A and Fernández E and Ramos J and Campos-Varela I and Pérez-Ríos M},

doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003719},

issn = {2059-7908},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

journal = {BMJ Glob Health},

volume = {5},

number = {11},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Retracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-time frames: during a postretraction period equivalent to the time the article had been in print before retraction; and during the total postretraction period.nnMETHODS: Quasiexperimental, pre-post evaluation study. A total of 304 retracted original articles and literature reviews indexed in MEDLINE fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were required to have been published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE from January 2013 through December 2015 and been retracted between January 2014 and December 2016. The main outcome was the number of citations received before and after retraction. Results were broken down by journal quartile according to impact factor and the most cited papers during the preretraction period were specifically analysed.nnRESULTS: There was an increase in postretraction citations when compared with citations received preretraction. There were some exceptions however: first, citations received by articles published in first-quartile journals decreased immediately after retraction (p<0.05), only to increase again after some time had elapsed; and second, postretraction citations decreased significantly in the case of articles that had received many citations before their retraction (p<0.05).nnCONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that retraction of articles has no association on citations in the long term, since the retracted articles continue to be cited, thus circumventing their retraction.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32356370,

title = {Burden of disease from breast cancer attributable to smoking and second-hand smoke exposure in Europe},

author = {Carreras G and Lachi A and Boffi R and Clancy L and Gallus S and Fernández E and López MJ and Soriano JB and López Nicolás Á and Semple S and Behrakis P and Gorini G and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1002/ijc.33021},

issn = {1097-0215},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

journal = {Int J Cancer},

volume = {147},

number = {9},

pages = {2387--2393},

abstract = {Smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure have been recently linked to a higher risk of breast cancer in women. The aim of this work is to estimate the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from breast cancer attributable to these two risk factors in the European Union (EU-28) in 2017. The comparative risk assessment method was used. Data on prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure were extracted from the Eurobarometer surveys, relative risks from a recent meta-analysis, and data on mortality and DALYs from breast cancer were estimated from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study. In 2017, 82 239 DALYs and 3354 deaths from breast cancer in the EU-28 could have been avoided by removing exposure to these two risk factors (smoking and SHS exposure). The proportion of DALYs from breast cancer lost respectively from smoking and SHS exposure was 2.6% and 1.0%, although geographically distributed with significant heterogeneity. These results represent the first estimates of breast cancer burden in women attributable to smoking and SHS exposure for the EU-28. It is important to increase awareness among women, health professionals and wider society of the association between smoking, SHS exposure and breast cancer, a relationship that is not widely recognised or discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32758838,

title = {Secondhand smoke exposure and other signs of tobacco consumption at outdoor entrances of primary schools in 11 European countries},

author = {Henderson E and Continente X and Fernández E and Tigova O and Cortés-Francisco N and Gallus S and Lugo A and Semple S and O'Donnell R and Clancy L and Keogan S and Ruprecht A and Borgini A and Tzortzi A and Vyzikidou VK and Gorini G and López-Nicolás A and Soriano JB and Geshanova G and Osman J and Mons U and Przewozniak K and Precioso J and Brad R and López MJ and TackSHS project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140743},

issn = {1879-1026},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

journal = {Sci Total Environ},

volume = {743},

pages = {140743},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although smoking restrictions at child-related settings are progressively being adopted, school outdoor entrances are neglected in most smoke-free policies across Europe.nnOBJECTIVES: To describe secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and tobacco-related signs in outdoor entrances of primary schools in Europe according to area-level socioeconomic status (SES), smoke-free policy, national smoking prevalence, and geographical region.nnMETHODS: In this cross-sectional study we monitored vapor-phase nicotine concentrations at 220 school outdoor entrances in 11 European countries (March 2017-October 2018). To account for nicotine presence, we used the laboratory's limit of quantification of 0.06 μg/m as point threshold. We also recorded the presence of smell of smoke, people smoking, cigarette butts, and ashtrays. Half of the schools were in deprived areas. We grouped countries according to their Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) score, smoking prevalence (2017-2018), and United Nations M49 geographical region.nnRESULTS: There were detectable levels of nicotine in 45.9% of the outdoor entrances, in 29.1% smell of smoke, in 43.2% people smoking, in 75.0% discarded butts, and in 14.6% ashtrays. Median nicotine concentration was below the laboratory's limit of quantification <0.06 μg/m (Interquartile range:<0.06-0.119). We found higher SHS levels in countries with lower TCS scores, higher national smoking prevalence, and in the Southern and Eastern European regions. People smoking were more common in schools from lower area-level SES and in countries with lower TCS scores (p<0.05).nnCONCLUSIONS: Smoking at school outdoor entrances is a source of SHS exposure in Europe. These findings support the extension of smoking bans with a clear perimeter to the outdoor entrances of schools.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32297373,

title = {Factors associated with receipt of the 5As model of brief intervention for smoking cessation among hospitalized patients},

author = {Martínez C and Feliu A and Castellano Y and Fu M and Fernández P and Cabrera-Jaime S and Puig-Llobet M and Galimany J and Guydish J and Fernández E and ETHIF Research Group},

doi = {10.1111/add.15076},

issn = {1360-0443},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

journal = {Addiction},

volume = {115},

number = {11},

pages = {2098--2112},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Guidelines recommend the 5As model of brief intervention for providing smoking cessation support in clinical settings. This study assessed patient and hospital characteristics associated with self-reported receipt of the 5As (ask, advise, assess, assist and arrange).nnDESIGN: Multi-center cross-sectional study.nnSETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Adult inpatients (n = 1047) were randomly selected from 13 hospitals in the Barcelona province of Spain in 2014-2015.nnMEASUREMENTS: We explored participants' receipt of the 5As through a questionnaire. Given the progressiveness of the 5As, we recoded the fulfillment of the intervention as: A : no intervention; A : ask; A : ask and advise; A : A and assess; A : A and assist; and A : A and arrange a follow-up. We explored patient (e.g. age, sex, comorbidities) and hospital (e.g. type of hospital, unit) characteristics. We adjusted multi-level robust Poisson regression models to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of the association between the recoded 5As intervention received.nnFINDINGS: A total of 60.4% (n = 624) of patients had been asked (A ) about their smoking status. Among smokers, 46.5% (n = 90) were advised (A ), 26.6% (n = 48) assessed (A ) and 4.6% (n = 10) received all the components of the 5As (A ). Middle-aged smokers [aPR = 3.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69-7.79] with a respiratory disease (aPR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.11-4.34) were most likely to have been asked, advised and assessed (A ). The cessation intervention was most frequently performed by physicians.nnCONCLUSIONS: In the Barcelona province of Spain, it appears that fewer than half of hospitalized patients who smoke were advised to quit and few received the full 'five As' brief intervention for smoking cessation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33036599,

title = {The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain)},

author = {Agustí C and Font-Casaseca N and Belvis F and Julià M and Vives N and Montoliu A and Pericàs JM and Casabona J and Benach J},

doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-09603-7},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {1533},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics and the spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Catalonia and to identify factors associated with HIV infection rates.nnMETHODS: Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012-2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for "basic health area" in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, GBMSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level.nnRESULTS: New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15-44 years (IRR, 1.193; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of GBMSM (IRR, 1.230; P = 0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P = 0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P < 0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.nnCONCLUSIONS: Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that, in the case of HIV infection, the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS should not be the only criterion used.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32034515,

title = {An exploratory study in breast cancer of factors involved in the use and communication with health professionals of Internet information},

author = {Ochoa-Arnedo C and Flix-Valle A and Casellas-Grau A and Casanovas-Aljaro N and Herrero O and Sumalla EC and de Frutos ML and Sirgo A and Rodríguez A and Campos G and Valverde Y and Travier N and Medina JC},

doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05335-x},

issn = {1433-7339},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

journal = {Support Care Cancer},

volume = {28},

number = {10},

pages = {4989--4996},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the spontaneous use of Internet on breast cancer patients and on their relationship with health professionals.nnMETHODS: A mixed methodology was used. Two questionnaires were designed through three focus groups, and then administered to 186 patients and 59 professionals in order to assess: (1) patients' use of Internet for health-related information and (2) the impact of this information on patients' psychological outcomes and on their relationship with professionals.nnRESULTS: Patients spent more time looking for illness-related information after diagnosis, using interactive communities more than static information websites. Patients and professionals disagreed about the use of Internet in terms of the knowledge it provides, and its psychological impact. The main barrier reported by patients regarding the sharing of online information with their professionals was the belief that it would damage their relationship.nnCONCLUSIONS: Both professionals and patients have a protectionist conception of the therapeutic relationship. This attitude tends to dismiss the positive impact that the use of Internet and the new communication tools may have in cancer patients. New resources should provide an "Internet Prescription" and modes of interaction to facilitate a more open digital communication.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32753002,

title = {Recent trends in sexually transmitted infections among adolescents, Catalonia, Spain, 2012-2017},

author = {Vives N and Garcia de Olalla P and González V and Barrabeig I and Clotet L and Danés M and Borrell N and Casabona J and Catalan HIV and STI Surveillance Group},

doi = {10.1177/0956462420940911},

issn = {1758-1052},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

journal = {Int J STD AIDS},

volume = {31},

number = {11},

pages = {1047--1054},

abstract = {Monitoring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents is essential to inform STI prevention strategies at primary and secondary levels in this key population. We aim to describe recent trends in STIs among adolescents and to analyse their socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics in Catalonia, Spain between 2012 and 2017. Data on  (CT) infection, gonorrhoea and syphilis cases aged from 13 to 19 years reported to the Catalan Mandatory Notifiable System from 2012 to 2017 were analysed. Diagnosis rates were calculated and a descriptive analysis was performed. Between 2012 and 2017, CT infection, gonorrhoea and syphilis cases reported among adolescents aged 13-19 years accounted for more than one-eleventh of all reported cases in Catalonia. The rate of the three nationally-notifiable STIs increased dramatically among adolescents. CT infection rates rose from 13 to 144.1 per 100,000 adolescents between 2012 and 2017, an increase of 1007%; gonorrhoea cases increased by 246% (from 13.4 to 45.4/100,000) and syphilis cases increased by 247% (from 1.7 to 5.9/100,000). Gonorrhoea and syphilis cases affected mainly males while CT infection cases were mostly in females (84%). Adolescents are being increasingly affected by CT infection, gonorrhoea and syphilis. A broader array of intervention strategies aimed at adolescents should be reinforced through strong prevention campaigns, improved sexual health information, as well as encouragement of regular offers of STI screening by healthcare providers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32845852,

title = {Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker): Description and pilot study of a mobile app to track COVID-19 in hospital workers},

author = {Soriano JB and Fernández E and de Astorza Á and Pérez de Llano LA and Fernández-Villar A and Carnicer-Pont D and Alcázar-Navarrete B and García A and Morales A and Lobo M and Maroto M and Ferreras E and Soriano C and Del Rio-Bermudez C and Vega-Piris L and Basagaña X and Muncunill J and Cosio BG and Lumbreras S and Catalina C and Alzaga JM and Gómez Quilón D and Valdivia CA and de Lara C and Ancochea J},

doi = {10.2196/21653},

issn = {2369-2960},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-01},

journal = {JMIR Public Health Surveill},

volume = {6},

number = {3},

pages = {e21653},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hospital workers have been the most frequently and severely affected professional group during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have a big impact on transmission. In this context, innovative tools are required to measure the symptoms compatible with COVID-19, the spread of infection, and testing capabilities within hospitals in real time.nnOBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop and test an effective and user-friendly tool to identify and track symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in hospital workers.nnMETHODS: We developed and pilot tested Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker), a newly designed app to track the spread of COVID-19 among hospital workers. Hospital staff in 9 hospital centers across 5 Spanish regions (Andalusia, Balearics, Catalonia, Galicia, and Madrid) were invited to download the app on their phones and to register their daily body temperature, COVID-19-compatible symptoms, and general health score, as well as any polymerase chain reaction and serological test results.nnRESULTS: A total of 477 hospital staff participated in the study between April 8 and June 2, 2020. Of note, both health-related (n=329) and non-health-related (n=148) professionals participated in the study; over two-thirds of participants (68.8%) were health workers (43.4% physicians and 25.4% nurses), while the proportion of non-health-related workers by center ranged from 40% to 85%. Most participants were female (n=323, 67.5%), with a mean age of 45.4 years (SD 10.6). Regarding smoking habits, 13.0% and 34.2% of participants were current or former smokers, respectively. The daily reporting of symptoms was highly variable across participating hospitals; although we observed a decline in adherence after an initial participation peak in some hospitals, other sites were characterized by low participation rates throughout the study period.nnCONCLUSIONS: HEpiTracker is an already available tool to monitor COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in hospital workers. This tool has already been tested in real conditions. HEpiTracker is available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. It has the potential to become a customized asset to be used in future COVID-19 pandemic waves and other environments.nnTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04326400; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326400.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32872132,

title = {Perceptions, Predictors of and Motivation for Quitting among Smokers from Six European Countries from 2016 to 2018: Findings from EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Girvalaki C and Filippidis FT and Kyriakos CN and Driezen P and Herbeć A and Mons U and Papadakis S and Mechili EA and Katsaounou PA and Przewoźniak K and Fernández E and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and The Eurest-Plus Consortium OBO},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph17176263},

issn = {1660-4601},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-01},

journal = {Int J Environ Res Public Health},

volume = {17},

number = {17},

abstract = {The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) was introduced in 2016 in an effort to decrease prevalence of smoking and increase cessation in the European Union (EU). This study aimed to explore quitting behaviours, motivation, reasons and perceptions about quitting, as well as predictors (reported before the TPD implementation) associated with post-TPD quit status. A cohort study was conducted involving adult smokers from six EU countries ( = 3195). Data collection occurred pre-(Wave 1; 2016) and post-(Wave 2; 2018) TPD implementation. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of weighted data were conducted. Within this cohort sample, 415 (13.0%) respondents reported quitting at Wave 2. Predictors of quitting were moderate or high education, fewer cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, a past quit attempt, lower level of perceived addiction, plans for quitting and the presence of a smoking-related comorbidity. Health concerns, price of cigarettes and being a good example for children were among the most important reasons that predicted being a quitter at Wave 2. Our findings show that the factors influencing decisions about quitting may be shared among European countries. European policy and the revised version of TPD could emphasise these factors through health warnings and/or campaigns and other policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918815,

title = {Evaluating the impact of introducing standardized packaging with larger health-warning labels in England: findings from adult smokers within the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Aleyan S and Driezen P and McNeill A and McDermott M and Kahnert S and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Fernández E and Trofor AC and Zatoński M and Demjén T and Katsaounou PA and Przewoźniak K and Balmford J and Filippidis FT and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Hitchman SC and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa053},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii91--iii97},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The European (EU) Tobacco Product Directive (TPD) was implemented in May 2016 to regulate the design and labelling of cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco. At the same time, the UK introduced standardized packaging measures, whereas Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain did not. This study examines the impact of introducing standardized packaging in England using a quasi-experimental design.nnMETHODS: Data from adult smokers in Waves 1 (2016; N=9547) and 2 (2018; N=9724) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation surveys (England) and EUREST-PLUS surveys (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain) were used. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate changes in pack/brand appeal, salience of health-warning labels (HWLs) and perceived relative harm of different brands in England (where larger HWLs and standardized packaging were implemented), vs. each EU country (where only larger HWLs were implemented).nnRESULTS: There was an increase in the percentage of respondents from Germany, Hungary and Poland reporting they did not like the look of the pack (4.7%, 9.6%, and 14.2%, respectively), but the largest increase was in England (41.0%). Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in the salience of HWLs in Hungary, Poland and Romania (17.0%, 13.9%, and 15.3%, respectively), but the largest increase was in England (27.6%). Few differences were observed in cross-country comparisons of the perceived relative harm of different brands.nnCONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that standardized packaging reduces pack appeal and enhances the salience of HWLs over and above the effects of larger HWLs. Findings provide additional evidence and support for incorporating standardized packaging into the EU TPD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918824,

title = {Support for e-cigarette policies among smokers in seven European countries: longitudinal findings from the 2016-18 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Chung-Hall J and Fong GT and Meng G and Craig LV and McNeill A and Hitchman SC and Fernández E and Mons U and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Demjén T and Katsaounou PA and Kyriakos CN and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa085},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii68--iii77},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The 2016 European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) required Member States (MS) to implement new regulations for electronic cigarettes (ECs). We conducted a longitudinal study to assess changes over 2 years in smokers' support for EC policies and identify predictors of support in seven European countries after TPD implementation.nnMETHODS: Prospective cohort surveys were conducted among adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain and England in 2016 (n = 9547; just after TPD) and 2018 (n = 10 287; 2 years after TPD). Multivariable logistic regression models employing generalized estimating equations assessed changes in support for four EC policies, and tested for country differences and strength of key predictors of support.nnRESULTS: Banning EC use in smoke-free places was supported by 53.1% in 2016 and 54.6% in 2018 with a significant increase in Greece (51.7-66.0%) and a decrease in Spain (60.1-48.6%). Restricting EC/e-liquid nicotine content was supported by 52.2 and 47.4% in 2016 and 2018, respectively, with a significant decrease in England (54.2-46.5%) and Romania (52.5-41.0%). An EC promotion ban was supported by 41.1 and 40.2%. A flavour ban was supported by 33.3% and 32.3% with a significant increase in Hungary (34.3-43.3%). Support was generally higher in Poland, Hungary and Greece vs. England. Support was lower among dual and EC-only users, and low-income smokers.nnCONCLUSIONS: Smokers in all countries strongly supported banning EC use in smoke-free places and restricting nicotine content after TPD implementation, with no clear trends for changes in policy support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32267933,

title = {Transitions from and to roll-your-own tobacco, perceptions and health beliefs among smokers: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Filippidis FT and Driezen P and Kyriakos CN and Katsaounou P and Petroulia I and Girvalaki C and Fu M and Fernández E and Mons U and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Fong GT and Tountas Y and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz214},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii18--iii25},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) in Europe has been increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate transitions between factory-made (FM) cigarettes and RYO in a longitudinal sample of European smokers, and their perceptions of relative harmfulness and knowledge of health effects.nnMETHODS: We used data collected from the EUREST-PLUS ITC 6 European Country (6E) Surveys in 2016 (n = 6011 smokers) and in 2018 (n = 6027) in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. A total of 3195 cohort respondents were interviewed in both years. Use of RYO and FM, knowledge of health effects of smoking as well as perceptions about RYO were assessed. We used logistic regression models to explore sociodemographic correlates of transitions from one product to the other, of perceptions and knowledge related to smoking health effects.nnRESULTS: Approximately 7.4% of exclusive FM smokers transitioned to RYO and 29.5% of exclusive RYO smokers transitioned to FM cigarettes from 2016 to 2018. RYO use in 2018 was more frequent among smokers of low education and income, but none of these factors were associated with transitions. Most RYO smokers perceived RYO as cheaper than FM and 21.7% of them considered RYO to be less harmful than FM. Knowledge of the health effects of smoking was not associated with type of product smoked.nnCONCLUSIONS: RYO is popular among European smokers; its lower cost seems to be a major factor for RYO users; reasons for transitions to and from RYO are less clear and need to be further investigated.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32191332,

title = {European adult smokers' perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes: cohort findings from the 2016 and 2018 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Gravely S and Driezen P and Kyriakos CN and Thompson ME and Balmford J and Demjén T and Fernández E and Mons U and Tountas Y and Janik-Koncewicz K and Zatoński W and Trofor AC and Vardavas CI and Fong GT and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz215},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii38--iii45},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study presents perceptions of the harmfulness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) relative to combustible cigarettes among smokers from six European Union (EU) countries, prior to the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), and 2 years post-TPD.nnMETHODS: Data were drawn from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys, a cohort study of adult smokers (≥18 years) from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. Data were collected in 2016 (pre-TPD: N = 6011) and 2018 (post-TPD: N = 6027). Weighted generalized estimating equations were used to estimate perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes compared to combustible cigarettes (less harmful, equally harmful, more harmful or 'don't know').nnRESULTS: In 2016, among respondents who were aware of e-cigarettes (72.2%), 28.6% reported that they perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes (range 22.0% in Spain to 34.1% in Hungary). In 2018, 72.2% of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes, of whom 28.4% reported perceiving that e-cigarettes are less harmful. The majority of respondents perceived e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful than cigarettes in both 2016 (58.5%) and 2018 (61.8%, P > 0.05). Overall, there were no significant changes in the perceptions that e-cigarettes are less, equally or more harmful than cigarettes, but 'don't know' responses significantly decreased from 12.9% to 9.8% (P = 0.036). The only significant change within countries was a decrease in 'don't know' responses in Spain (19.3-9.4%, P = .001).nnCONCLUSIONS: The majority of respondents in these six EU countries perceived e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful than combustible cigarettes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918820,

title = {Impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on self-reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship in smokers-findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Kahnert S and Driezen P and Balmford J and Kyriakos CN and Demjén T and Fernández E and Katsaounou PA and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Mons U and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa055},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii55--iii61},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Advertising, promotion and sponsorship of electronic cigarettes (ECAPS) have increased in recent years. Since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) prohibits ECAPS in various advertising channels, including media that have cross-border effects. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in exposure to ECAPS in a cohort of smokers from six European Union member states after implementation of TPD2.nnMETHODS: Self-reported exposure to ECAPS overall and in various media and localities was examined over two International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation survey waves (2016 and 2018) in a cohort of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal generalized estimating equations models.nnRESULTS: Self-reported ECAPS exposure at both timepoints varied between countries and across examined advertising channels. Overall, there was a significant increase in ECAPS exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.44]. Between waves, no consistent patterns of change in ECAPS exposure across countries and different media were observed. Generally, ECAPS exposure tended to decline in some channels regulated by TPD2, particularly on television and radio, while exposure tended to increase in some unregulated channels, such as at points of sale.nnCONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the TPD2 was generally effective in reducing ECAPS in regulated channels. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to evaluate its role in reducing ECAPS exposure, possibly by triangulation with additional sources of data.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918822,

title = {Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive-findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys},

author = {Kahnert S and Driezen P and Balmford J and Kyriakos CN and Aleyan S and Hitchman SC and Nogueira S and Demjén T and Fernández E and Katsaounou PA and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Mons U and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa039},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii84--iii90},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages.nnMETHODS: Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels' effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models.nnRESULTS: In the pooled sample, the warning labels' effectiveness increased significantly over time in terms of salience (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.35), while cognitive and behavioural reactions did not show clear increases. Generally, among women, more highly educated smokers and less addicted smokers, the effectiveness of warning labels tended to be higher.nnCONCLUSION: We found an increase in salience, but no clear increases for cognitive and behavioural reactions to the new warning labels as required by the TPD2. While it is likely that our study underestimated the impact of the new pictorial warning labels, it provides evidence that health messages on tobacco packaging are more salient when supported by large pictures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918819,

title = {Awareness and correlates of noticing changes to cigarette packaging design after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Kyriakos CN and Driezen P and Girvalaki C and Hitchman SC and Filippidis FT and Gravely S and Balmford J and Nikitara K and Mons U and Fernández E and Przewoźniak K and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Zatoński W and Tountas Y and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa057},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii98--iii107},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), which went into effect in May 2016, regulates packaging design and labelling of cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. The aim of the current study was to examine whether smokers and recent quitters in six European Union (EU) countries (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain) reported noticing TPD-related changes to packaging, and correlates of noticing these changes.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Wave 2 of the ITC 6 European Country Survey in 2018 after implementation of the TPD. Bivariate analyses included adult smokers (n = 5597) and recent quitters (n = 412). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were restricted to the subset of current smokers (n = 5597) and conducted using SAS-callable SUDAAN.nnRESULTS: Over half of smokers (58.2%) and 30% of quitters noticed at least one of five types of TPD-related pack changes. Over one-quarter of all respondents noticed changes to health warnings (30.0%), standardized openings (27.7%), minimum pack unit size (27.9%), and the removal of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide information (26.7%) on packaging. Cross-country differences were observed across all measures, with noticing all pack changes markedly lower in Spain than the other countries. Correlates of noticing specific pack changes included sociodemographic characteristics, smoking behaviours and related to packaging.nnCONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first cross-country studies to examine the extent to which TPD changes to cigarette and RYO tobacco packaging are being noticed by smokers and recent quitters. Findings indicate that the majority of smokers noticed at least one type of pack change, but this varied across countries and sub-populations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918826,

title = {Awareness and use of heated tobacco products among adult smokers in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Maria Lotrean L and Trofor A and Radu-Loghin C and Eremia M and Mihaltan F and Driezen P and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Demjén T and Fernández E and Katsaounou PA and Przewoźniak K and Filippidis FT and Gravely S and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz228},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii78--iii83},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The study assessed awareness and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and factors that influenced these issues among cigarette smokers from six European countries in 2016 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2).nnMETHODS: A survey was conducted among a nationally representative sample of cigarette smokers aged 18 years or older from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain in 2016 (N = 6011) and 2018 (N = 6027; 53% of smokers from the previous wave were retained, regardless of smoking status and dropouts were replaced by a replenishment sample of smokers). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Estimates were produced using weighted data. The study presents the cross-sectional results.nnRESULTS: Awareness of HTPs increased from 8% to 17% between the two waves. At Wave 1, 1.1% of the smokers declared having used HTPs at least once during their lifetime; and at Wave 2, this increased to 1.9% (around 1% or less in four countries, except for Greece and Romania where it was around 4%). Factors associated with HTPs use among those who had ever heard about these products at Wave 1 were country of residence, being a daily cigarette smoker and ever use of electronic cigarettes. At Wave 2, ever use of HTPs was significantly higher among those who had tried to quit smoking combustible cigarettes in the last 12 months, had tried electronic cigarettes during lifetime and perceived HTPs as less dangerous than combustible cigarettes; the country of residence was also associated with HTPs use.nnCONCLUSION: This study offers insights into the behaviours and perceptions of European adult smokers regarding HTPs, an important emerging issue in the field of tobacco control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918818,

title = {Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {McDermott MS and East KA and Hitchman SC and McNeill A and Tountas Y and Demjén T and Fernández E and Mons U and Trofor AC and Herbeć A and Janik-Koncewicz K and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa014},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii46--iii54},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social norms have received little attention in relation to electronic cigarettes (EC). The current study examine social norms for EC use and smoking tobacco, and their associations with (i) initiation of EC use, (ii) intention to quit smoking and (iii) attempts to quit smoking.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from Waves 1 and 2 of the ITC 6 European Country Survey and corresponding waves from England (the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey). Current smokers at baseline, who heard of ECs and provided data at both waves were included (n = 3702). Complex samples logistic regression examined associations between the outcomes and descriptive (seeing EC use in public, close friends using ECs/smoking) and injunctive (public approves of ECs/smoking) norms, adjusting for country, demographics, EC use and heaviness of smoking.nnRESULTS: In longitudinal analyses, seeing EC use in public at least some days was the only social norm that predicted initiation of EC use between waves (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.08-2.56). In the cross-sectional analysis, having an intention to quit was associated with seeing EC use in public (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.04-1.81) and reporting fewer than three close friends smoke (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.44-0.80). There was no association between any social norm and making a quit attempt between waves.nnCONCLUSIONS: Initiation of EC use is predicted by seeing EC use in public, which was also associated with greater intention to quit smoking. Friends' smoking was associated with lower intention to quit. These findings may allay concerns that increased visibility of ECs is renormalizing smoking amongst current smokers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918814,

title = {Changes in electronic cigarette use and label awareness among smokers before and after the European Tobacco Products Directive implementation in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Nikitara K and Girvalaki C and Kyriakos CN and Driezen P and Filippidis FT and Kahnert S and Hitchman SC and Mons U and Fernández E and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Demjén T and Katsaounou PA and Zatoński W and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa081},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii62--iii67},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Article 20 of the European Tobacco Product Directive (TPD), which went into effect in May 2016, regulates electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the European Union (EU). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in e-cigarette use, design attributes of the products used and awareness of e-cigarette labelling and packaging among smokers from six EU Member States (MS) before and after TPD implementation.nnMETHODS: Data come from Wave 1 (2016, pre-TPD) and Wave 2 (2018, post-TPD) of the ITC Six European Country Survey among a sample of smokers and recent quitters who use e-cigarettes from six EU MS. Weighted logistic generalized estimating equations regression models were estimated to test the change in binary outcomes between Waves 1 and 2 using SAS-callable SUDAAN.nnRESULTS: In 2018, current daily/weekly e-cigarette use among adult smokers was just over 2%, but this varied from the highest in Greece (4%) to lowest in Poland (1.2%). From Waves 1 to 2, there was a significant increase in respondents reporting noticing and reading health and product safety information on leaflets inside e-cigarette packaging (8.39-11.62%, P < 0.001). There were no significant changes between waves of respondents reporting noticing or reading warning labels on e-cigarette packages/vials.nnCONCLUSIONS: e-cigarette use among smokers in these six EU countries is low. Although reported noticing and reading leaflets included in the packaging of e-cigarettes increased significantly from before to after the TPD, there was no significant change in reported noticing and reading of warning labels. Findings indicate the importance of continued monitoring of TPD provisions around e-cigarettes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918821,

title = {Do smokers want to protect non-smokers from the harms of second-hand smoke in cars? Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Nogueira SO and Tigova O and Driezen P and Fu M and Kyriakos CN and Zatoński M and Mons U and Quah ACK and Demjén T and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Katsaounou PA and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Fernández E and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa056},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii108--iii112},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is currently no comprehensive legislation protecting non-smokers and children from second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars at the European Union (EU) level. This study aims to assess smokers' support for smoke-free cars legislation in six EU countries.nnMETHODS: Data come from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys: Wave 1 (2016, n = 6011) and Wave 2 (2018, n = 6027) conducted in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. Support for smoke-free cars carrying pre-school children and non-smokers and voluntary implementation of smoke-free cars were assessed among adult smokers. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess changes in support between waves.nnRESULTS: In 2018, 96.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 95.4-97.0%] of the overall sample supported smoke-free legislation for cars carrying pre-school children, representing an increase of 2.4 percentage points in comparison to 2016. Smoke-free legislation for cars transporting non-smokers was supported by 85.2% (95% CI 83.1-87.1%) of smokers' in 2016 and 90.2% (95% CI 88.6-91.7%) in 2018. Among smokers who owned cars, there was a significant 7.2 percentage points increase in voluntary implementation of smoke-free cars carrying children from 2016 (60.7%, 95% CI 57.2-64.0%) to 2018 (67.9%, 95% CI 65.1-70.5%). All sociodemographic groups of smokers reported support higher than 80% in 2018.nnCONCLUSION: The vast majority of smokers in all six EU countries support smoke-free legislation for cars carrying pre-school children and non-smokers. This almost universal support across countries and sociodemographic groups is a clear indicator of a window of opportunity for the introduction of comprehensive legislation to protect non-smokers and children from SHS exposure in cars.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918825,

title = {Quitting behaviours and cessation methods used in eight European Countries in 2018: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Papadakis S and Katsaounou P and Kyriakos CN and Balmford J and Tzavara C and Girvalaki C and Driezen P and Filippidis FT and Herbeć A and Hummel K and McNeill A and Mons U and Fernández E and Fu M and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Zatoński WA and Willemsen M and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa082},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii26--iii33},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: We examined quit attempts, use of cessation assistance, quitting beliefs and intentions among smokers who participated in the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys in eight European Union Member States (England, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain).nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional data from 11 543 smokers were collected from Wave 2 of the ITC Six European Country (6E) Survey (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain-2018), the ITC Netherlands Survey (the Netherlands-late 2017) and the Four Countries Smoking and Vaping (4CV1) Survey (England-2018). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between smokers' characteristics and recent quit attempts.nnRESULTS: Quit attempts in the past 12 months were more frequently reported by respondents in the Netherlands (33.0%) and England (29.3%) and least frequently in Hungary (11.5%), Greece (14.7%), Poland (16.7%) and Germany (16.7%). With the exception of England (35.9%), the majority (56-84%) of recent quit attempts was unaided. Making a quit attempt was associated with younger age, higher education and income, having a smoking-related illness and living in England. In all countries, the majority of continuing smokers did not intend to quit in the next 6 months, had moderate to high levels of nicotine dependence and perceived quitting to be difficult.nnCONCLUSIONS: Apart from England and the Netherlands, smokers made few quit attempts in the past year and had low intentions to quit in the near future. The use of cessation assistance was sub-optimal. There is a need to examine approaches to supporting quitting among the significant proportion of tobacco users in Europe and increase the use of cessation support as part of quit attempts.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32053183,

title = {Methods of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Thompson ME and Driezen P and Boudreau C and Bécuwe N and Agar TK and Quah ACK and Zatoński W and Przewoźniak K and Mons U and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Trofor A and Fernández E and McNeill A and Willemsen M and Vardavas C and Fong GT and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz212},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii4--iii9},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys aim to evaluate the impact of the European Union's Tobacco Products Directive (EU TPD) implementation within the context of the WHO FCTC. This article describes the methodology of the 2016 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2) International Tobacco Control 6 European (6E) Country Survey in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain; the England arm of the 2016 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2) ITC 4 Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey; and the 2016 (Wave 10) and 2017 (Wave 11) ITC Netherlands (NL) Survey. All three ITC surveys covering a total of eight countries are prospective cohort studies with nationally representative samples of smokers.nnMETHODS: In the three surveys across the eight countries, the recruited respondents were cigarette smokers who smoked at least monthly, and were aged 18 and older. At each survey wave, eligible cohort members from the previous waves were retained, regardless of smoking status, and dropouts were replaced by a replenishment sample.nnRESULTS: Retention rates between the two waves of the ITC 6E Survey by country were 70.5% for Germany, 41.3% for Greece, 35.7% for Hungary, 45.6% for Poland, 54.4% for Romania and 71.3% for Spain. The retention rate for England between ITC 4CV1 and ITC 4CV2 was 39.1%; the retention rates for the ITC Netherlands Survey were 76.6% at Wave 10 (2016) and 80.9% at Wave 11 (2017).nnCONCLUSION: The ITC sampling design and data collection methods in these three ITC surveys allow analyses to examine prospectively the impact of policy environment changes on the use of cigarettes and other tobacco products in each country, to make comparisons across the eight countries.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918817,

title = {Transitions in product use during the implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: cohort study findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Vardavas CI and Kyriakos CN and Driezen P and Girvalaki C and Nikitara K and Filippidis FT and Fernández E and Mons U and Przewoźniak K and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Katsaounou PA and Zatoński W and Willemsen M and Fong GT and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa023},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii10--iii17},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The emergence of new types of tobacco and tobacco-related products on the European Union (EU) market has precipitated the possibility for both poly-tobacco use and transitions between products. In the EU, the regulatory environment has shifted with the implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in May 2016, which may influence consumer transitions between products.nnMETHODS: The aim of this paper was to examine trends and transitions in tobacco products from 2016 to 2018 -before and after implementation of the TPD in the EU. Data come from Wave 1 (pre-TPD) and Wave 2 (post-TPD) of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Six European Country Survey, a cohort study of adults who at the time of recruitment were smokers from six EU countries- Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain. D (N = 3195). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of weighted data was conducted using SAS-callable SUDAAN.nnRESULTS: Overall, among those who smoked factory-made cigarettes (FM) only at Wave 1, 4.3% switched to roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) only. Among RYO only users at Wave 1, 17.0% switched to FM only, however compared to all other countries, respondents from Hungary had the highest percentage of FM only users at Wave 1 switch to RYO only at Wave 2 (18.0%).nnCONCLUSIONS: The most prominent transition overall was from smoking RYO exclusively at Wave 1 to smoking FM tobacco exclusively at Wave 2, however this varied across countries. As the tobacco control regulatory environment of the EU develops, it is important to continue to monitor transitions between types of products, as well as trends in cessation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32918816,

title = {Cessation behaviours among smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes following the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Zatoński M and Herbeć A and Zatoński W and Janik-Koncewicz K and Driezen P and Demjén T and Fernández E and Fong GT and Quah ACK and Kyriakos CN and McNeill A and Willemsen M and Mons U and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Vardavas CI and Przewoźniak K and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa050},

issn = {1464-360X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Public Health},

volume = {30},

number = {Suppl_3},

pages = {iii34--iii37},

abstract = {The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) introduced a ban on characterizing flavours in cigarettes (2016), including menthol (2020). The longitudinal data analysis of the EUREST-PLUS International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project Europe Surveys (n = 16 534; Wave 1 in 2016 and Wave 2 in 2018) found significant but small declines in the weighted prevalence of menthol (by 0.94%; P = 0.041) and other flavoured cigarette use (by 1.32%; P < 0.001) following the 2016 TPD. The declines tended to be driven primarily by the menthol and flavoured cigarette (MFC) smokers switching to unflavoured tobacco. Cigarette consumption declined between waves, but there were no statistically significant difference in decline between MFC and unflavoured tobacco smokers on smoking and cessation behaviours between the waves.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32402549,

title = {6-Year Risk of Developing Lung Cancer in Spain: Analysis by Autonomous Communities},

author = {Travier N and Fu M and Romaguera A and Martín-Cantera C and Fernández E and Vidal C and Garcia M and LUCAPREV research group},

doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2020.03.022},

issn = {2173-5751},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been proposed as a strategy to reduce lung cancer mortality. Since LDCT has side effects there is a need to carefully select the target population for screening programmes. Because in Spain health competences are transferred to the seventeen Autonomous Communities (ACs), the present paper aims to identify individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different ACs.nnMETHODS: We used the 2011-2012 data of the Spanish National Interview Health Survey (n=21,006) to estimate the proportion of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer using a 6-year prediction model (PLCO). This proportion was then extrapolated into absolute figures for the Spanish population, using the population census data of 2018 from the National Institute of Statistics.nnRESULTS: The proportion of individuals aged 50-74 with a risk of lung cancer ≥2% was 9.5% (15.9% in men, 3.5% in women). This proportion ranged from 6.6% in Región de Murcia to 12.7% in Andalucía and 13.0% in Extremadura. When extrapolated to the Spanish population, it was estimated that a total of 1,341,483 individuals may have a 6-year risk of lung cancer ≥2%.nnCONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first one that evaluated the number of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different Spanish ACs using a prediction model and selecting people with a 6-year risk ≥2%. Further studies should assess the cost and effectiveness associated to the implementation of a lung cancer screening programme to such population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32179267,

title = {Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in waterpipe cafés in Barcelona, Spain: An assessment of airborne nicotine and PM},

author = {Feliu A and Fu M and Russo M and Martinez C and Sureda X and López MJ and Cortés N and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2020.109347},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {184},

pages = {109347},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking has grown in popularity worldwide, with the prevalence of use increasing in Spain from 6.2% to 10.8% in the last decade, despite the smoking ban enacted in 2010 for all hospitality premises.nnOBJECTIVE: To assess exposure to second-hand smoke from waterpipes based on the concentrations of airborne nicotine and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM) in a sample of waterpipe cafés in the city of Barcelona (Spain).nnMETHODS: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 20 waterpipe cafés. Airborne nicotine and PM were sampled for 30 min in each venue using a nicotine sampling device connected by a tube to a pump and a TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitor. Five outdoor control locations were also measured. We computed medians, interquartile ranges (IQRs), and maximum values and compared them according to venues' and sampling characteristics using the Kruskall-Wallis and U-Mann Whitney tests. Nicotine and PM were correlated by calculating the Spearman-rank correlation coefficient.nnRESULTS: The median concentration of nicotine and PM were 1.15 and 230.50 μg/m in waterpipe cafés and 0.03 and 10.00 μg/m in control locations (p<0.05 in both cases). The Spearman correlation coefficient between both markers was 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.84). No differences were found in nicotine or PM concentration according to the venues' and sampling characteristics studied, with the exception of area. After stratifying for area, venues >100 m, located in a tourist area, with >15 lit waterpipes, >8 waterpipes/100 m, and a ratio of 2 users per waterpipe or less had significantly higher nicotine concentration.nnDISCUSSION: Despite the current smoking ban, which includes hospitality venues, we found nicotine and PM levels in Barcelona waterpipe cafés that exceeded the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. This exposure poses serious risks to the health of both workers and customers and constitutes a non-compliance of the legislation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31629546,

title = {Estimation of the Risk of Lung Cancer in Women Participating in a Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program},

author = {González-Marrón A and Martín-Sánchez JC and Garcia-Alemany F and Martínez-Martín E and Matilla-Santander N and Cartanyà-Hueso À and Vidal C and García M and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2019.04.014},

issn = {2173-5751},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)},

volume = {56},

number = {5},

pages = {277--281},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer mortality is increasing in women. In Spain, estimates suggest that lung cancer mortality may soon surpass breast cancer mortality, the main cause of cancer mortality among women. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of women at high risk of developing lung cancer in a group of participants in a population-based breast cancer screening program.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study in a sample of women who participated in a population-based breast cancer screening program in 2016 in Hospitalet de Llobregat (n=1,601). High risk of lung cancer was defined according to the criteria of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and the Dutch-Belgian randomized lung cancer screening trial (NELSON).nnRESULTS: Around 20% of smokers according to NLST criteria and 40% of smokers according to NELSON criteria, and around 20% of former smokers according to both criteria, are at high risk of developing lung cancer. A positive and statistically significant trend is observed between the proportion of women at high risk and nicotine dependence measured with the brief Fagerström test.nnCONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of participants in this breast cancer screening program have a high risk of developing lung cancer and would be eligible to participate in a lung cancer screening program. Population-based breast cancer screening programs may be useful to implement lung cancer primary prevention activities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32402549b,

title = {6-Year Risk of Developing Lung Cancer in Spain: Analysis by Autonomous Communities},

author = {Travier N and Fu M and Romaguera A and Martín-Cantera C and Fernández E and Vidal C and Garcia M and LUCAPREV research group},

doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2020.03.022},

issn = {2173-5751},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been proposed as a strategy to reduce lung cancer mortality. Since LDCT has side effects there is a need to carefully select the target population for screening programmes. Because in Spain health competences are transferred to the seventeen Autonomous Communities (ACs), the present paper aims to identify individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different ACs.nnMETHODS: We used the 2011-2012 data of the Spanish National Interview Health Survey (n=21,006) to estimate the proportion of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer using a 6-year prediction model (PLCO). This proportion was then extrapolated into absolute figures for the Spanish population, using the population census data of 2018 from the National Institute of Statistics.nnRESULTS: The proportion of individuals aged 50-74 with a risk of lung cancer ≥2% was 9.5% (15.9% in men, 3.5% in women). This proportion ranged from 6.6% in Región de Murcia to 12.7% in Andalucía and 13.0% in Extremadura. When extrapolated to the Spanish population, it was estimated that a total of 1,341,483 individuals may have a 6-year risk of lung cancer ≥2%.nnCONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first one that evaluated the number of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different Spanish ACs using a prediction model and selecting people with a 6-year risk ≥2%. Further studies should assess the cost and effectiveness associated to the implementation of a lung cancer screening programme to such population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32165103,

title = {The blind men and the elephant: Systematic review of systematic reviews of cannabis use related health harms},

author = {Campeny E and López-Pelayo H and Nutt D and Blithikioti C and Oliveras C and Nuño L and Maldonado R and Florez G and Arias F and Fernández-Artamendi S and Villalbí JR and Sellarès J and Ballbè M and Rehm J and Balcells-Olivero MM and Gual A},

doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.003},

issn = {1873-7862},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-01},

journal = {Eur Neuropsychopharmacol},

volume = {33},

pages = {1--35},

abstract = {Cannabis is the third most used psychoactive substance worldwide. The legal status of cannabis is changing in many Western countries, while we have very limited knowledge of the public health impact of cannabis-related harms. There is a need for a summary of the evidence of harms and risks attributed to cannabis use, in order to inform the definition of cannabis risky use. We have conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews, aiming to define cannabis-related harms. We included systematic reviews published until July 2018 from six different databases and following the PRISMA guidelines. To assess study quality we applied the AMSTAR 2 tool. A total of 44 systematic reviews, including 1,053 different studies, were eligible for inclusion. Harm was categorized in three dimensions: mental health, somatic harm and physical injury (including mortality). Evidence shows a clear association between cannabis use and psychosis, affective disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders, cognitive failures, respiratory adverse events, cancer, cardiovascular outcomes, and gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, cannabis use is a risk factor for motor vehicle collision, suicidal behavior and partner and child violence. Cannabis use is a risk factor for several medical conditions and negative social consequences. There is still little data on the dose-dependency of these effects; evidence that is essential in order to define, from a public health perspective, what can be considered risky use of cannabis. This definition should be based on quantitative and qualitative criteria that informs and permits the evaluation of current approaches to a regulated cannabis market.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32293415,

title = {Changes in individual and contextual socio-economic level influence on reproductive behavior in Spanish women in the MCC-Spain study},

author = {Gómez-Acebo I and Dierssen-Sotos T and Palazuelos C and Castaño-Vinyals G and Pérez-Gómez B and Amiano P and Fernández-Villa T and Ardanaz E and Suarez-Calleja C and Alguacil J and Molina-Barceló A and Jiménez-Moleón JJ and Molero JA and Roca-Barceló A and Chirlaque MD and Vázquez JPF and Molinuevo A and Aragonés N and Serra MS and Binefa G and Moreno V and Pollán M and Kogevinas M and Llorca J},

doi = {10.1186/s12905-020-00936-4},

issn = {1472-6874},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-01},

journal = {BMC Womens Health},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {72},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between socioeconomic level and reproductive factors has been widely studied. For example, it is well known that women with lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have more children, the age at first-born being earlier. However, less is known about to what extent the great socioeconomic changes occurred in a country (Spain) could modify women reproductive factors. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of individual and contextual socioeconomic levels on reproductive factors in Spanish women, and to explore whether this influence has changed over the last decades.nnMETHODS: We performed a cross-sectional design using data from 2038 women recruited as population-based controls in an MCC-Spain case-control study.nnRESULTS: Higher parent's economic level, education level, occupational level and lower urban vulnerability were associated with higher age at first delivery and lower number of pregnancies. These associations were stronger for women born after 1950: women with unfinished primary education had their first delivery 6 years before women with high education if they were born after 1950 (23.4 vs. 29.8 years) but only 3 years before if they were born before 1950 (25.7 vs. 28.0 years). For women born after 1950, the number of pregnancies dropped from 2.1 (unfinished primary school) to 1.7 (high education), whereas it remained almost unchanged in women born before 1950.nnCONCLUSIONS: Reproductive behavior was associated with both individual and area-level socio-economic indicators. Such association was stronger for women born after 1950 regarding age at first delivery and number of pregnancies and for women born before 1950 regarding consumption of hormonal contraceptives or postmenopausal therapy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30659103,

title = {Electronic cigarettes in Italy: a tool for harm reduction or a gateway to smoking tobacco?},

author = {Liu X and Lugo A and Davoli E and Gorini G and Pacifici R and Fernández E and Gallus S},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054726},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {148--152},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: More than a decade after electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) hit the European market, we are still debating whether they may help or hinder tobacco control. It is therefore useful to explore the potential net effect of e-cigarette use in the general population.nnMETHODS: We annually conduct a face-to-face survey on smoking in Italy on a representative sample of the general population aged 15 years or over (52.4 million). A total of 15 406 subjects were interviewed in 2014-2018. We investigated the consequences of using e-cigarettes on tobacco smoking behaviour among ever and regular e-cigarette users.nnRESULTS: In all, 5.7% of our sample reported ever e-cigarette use. Multivariate analyses showed more use by men, ex-smokers and current smokers. E-cigarette use decreased with age and increased with education and calendar year. Only 1.1% of subjects were regular e-cigarette users. This prevalence rose from 0.4% in 2014-2015 to 1.8% in 2016-2017 and was 1.3% in 2018. Among 522 ever users, 13.2% stopped smoking after trying e-cigarettes and 22.2% started smoking or relapsed after using e-cigarettes. The corresponding estimates among regular users were 24.7% and 28.0%, respectively.nnCONCLUSIONS: Among Italian e-cigarette users, those (re)starting smoking after using e-cigarettes outnumber those who stop smoking after using e-cigarettes. From a public health point of view, e-cigarettes may have an unfavourable net effect. Consequently, if we are not able to prevent sales of e-cigarettes to non-smokers, this product will more likely stimulate smoking tobacco than reduce harm.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30953301,

title = {Prevalence and Risk Factors for HIV Infection in a Population of Homosexual, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Metropolitan Region of Chile: A Re-emerging Health Problem},

author = {Stuardo Ávila V and Fuentes Alburquenque M and Muñoz R and Bustamante Lobos L and Faba A and Belmar Prieto J and Casabona J},

doi = {10.1007/s10461-019-02486-9},

issn = {1573-3254},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

journal = {AIDS Behav},

volume = {24},

number = {3},

pages = {827--838},

abstract = {According to the most recent UNAIDS report, the number of new HIV infections has increased by 34% since 2010 in Chile, representing the largest increase in the Americas. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the metropolitan region (MR) of Santiago, Chile. Cross-sectional study of MSM living in the MR, recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants were tested using Human Immunodeficiency virus rapid test, and reactive cases were confirmed withELISA. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire adapted for the Chilean population. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were then performed. All applicable ethical norms were followed in the execution of this study. The total sample consisted of 375 individuals. HIV prevalence among MSM was 17.6% overall. Among the HIV-negative men, most (71.5%) had not been tested for sexually-transmitted diseases (STIs) other than HIV in the past 12 months, and 24.1% had never been tested for HIV. Participants who had been tested for an STI other than HIV in the past 12 months had a 3.56-fold greater OR for HIV-positive status than those who had not. Conversely, having had an HIV test in the past 12 months was a protective factor against positive HIV status (OR = 0.09). The high prevalence of HIV among MSM suggests a re-emergence of the disease in Chile, and cases are specifically concentrated among young MSM. Access to sexual health care and STI testing in Chile is insufficient. Targeted prevention efforts are urgently needed as part of the Chilean national strategy to combat the spread of HIV, including community-based testing programs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31837549,

title = {Passive exposure of non-smokers to E-Cigarette aerosols: Sensory irritation, timing and association with volatile organic compounds},

author = {Tzortzi A and Teloniatis S and Matiampa G and Bakelas G and Tzavara C and Vyzikidou VK and Vardavas C and Behrakis P and Fernandez E and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2019.108963},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {182},

pages = {108963},

abstract = {AIM: The current study examined symptoms of irritation reported by non-smokers passively exposed to e-cigarette aerosols and their timing and association with the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced.nnMETHODS: 40 healthy non-smoking adults were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols for 30 min in a 35 m room. Second-hand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) was produced by an experienced e-cigarette user using a standardized topography and two resistance settings (exposure 0.5 Ohm and 1.5 Ohm), in addition to a control session (no emissions). PM and PM were continuously measured over the duration of exposure, while Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were recorded at 0, 15 and 30 min (t, t and t) of exposure. Each participant completed an irritation questionnaire at t, t t of exposure and t (30 min post-exposure) on ocular, nasal, throat-respiratory symptoms of irritation and general complaints. Kruskal-Wallis H test for PM comparisons, repeated measures ANOVA for VOCs and Generalized Estimating Equations for symptoms of irritation and association with VOCs were used for statistical analysis.nnRESULTS: 20 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 24.6 years (SD = 4.3) and exhaled CO < 7 ppm participated. PM concentrations in both experimental sessions were higher than the Control (p < 0.001). The most commonly reported symptoms were burning, dryness, sore throat, cough, breathlessness and headache. During both experimental sessions, ocular, nasal, throat-respiratory symptoms and general complaints increased significantly (p < 0.05). Ocular and nasal symptoms returned to baseline by t (p > 0.05) while throat-respiratory symptoms were still significantly higher at t (p = 0.044). VOCs were significantly associated with reported nasal and throat-respiratory symptoms in both experimental sessions (p < 0.05).nnCONCLUSION: A 30-min exposure to SHA provoked symptoms of sensory irritation and general complaints that lasted up to 30 min after the exposure and were positively associated with the concentrations of the VOC mixture emitted.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30608591,

title = {Smoking pattern and risk of lung cancer among women participating in cancer screening programmes},

author = {Martín-Sánchez JC and González-Marrón A and Lidón-Moyano C and Matilla-Santander N and Fu M and Vidal C and Garcia M and Martinez-Sanchez JM},

doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdy221},

issn = {1741-3850},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-01},

journal = {J Public Health (Oxf)},

volume = {42},

number = {1},

pages = {90--97},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the smoking prevalence, the smoking pattern, and the risk of lung cancer among women who participated in a cancer screening (breast, cervical and colorectal) in Spain.nnMETHODS: We used data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2011-12, a cross-sectional study of the adult Spanish population from women in the age of participation in the population cancer screening. We used two definitions of the high risk of lung cancer according to the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) criteria and the NELSON criteria.nnRESULTS: Participation in screening was 76.6% in breast cancer, 6.6% in colorectal cancer, and 70.3% in cervical cancer. The percentage of current smokers was 17.1 of women who participated breast cancer, 15.4 of women who participated colorectal cancer, and 26.1 of women who participated cervical cancer. According to NLST criteria, the percentage of current smokers women who had a high risk of lung cancer was 23.1 for breast cancer, 23.5 for colorectal cancer and 4.5 for cervical cancer. These figures were higher with the NELSON criteria.nnCONCLUSION: At least 250 000 women in Spain have a high risk of lung cancer and are participating in a cancer screening programme. These programmes might be an opportunity for implementing specific interventions aiming to reduce this risk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31862532,

title = {Patient perceptions of tobacco control after smoke-free hospital grounds legislation: Multi-center cross-sectional study},

author = {Martínez C and Castellano Y and Fu M and Riccobene A and Feliu A and Tigova O and Ballbè M and Anton L and Fernández P and Cabrera-Jaime S and Puig-Llobet M and Moreno C and Falcó-Pegueroles A and Galimany J and Estrada JM and Guydish J and Fernández E and ETHIF Research Group},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103485},

issn = {1873-491X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-01},

journal = {Int J Nurs Stud},

volume = {102},

pages = {103485},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine patient perceptions of the role of health care providers in tobacco control and tobacco-related services they should provide after the introduction of national smoke-free hospital grounds legislation in Spain.nnDESIGN: Multi-center cross-sectional study.nnSETTING: Thirteen hospitals in Barcelona province in 2014-2015.nnPARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,047 adult hospital patients, with a stay ≥ 24 h were randomly selected.nnMETHOD: We explored participants' perceptions of the role of health professionals and hospitals in tobacco control by asking about their agreement with several statements after the introduction of national legislation on smoke-free hospital grounds: (i) health professionals "should set an example and not smoke" and "should provide smoking cessation support"; (ii) hospitals "should provide smoking cessation treatments" and are "role model organizations in compliance with the smoke-free legislation", and (iii) "hospitalization is a perfect moment to quit smoking". Responses were described overall and according to participant and hospital characteristics: patient sex and age, type of hospital unit, number of beds, and smoking prevalence among hospital staff.nnRESULTS: The majority of participants considered that health professionals should be role models in tobacco cessation (75.3%), should provide smoking cessation support to patients (83.0%), and that hospitalization is a good opportunity for initiating an attempt to quit (71.5%). Inpatients admitted to general hospitals where smoking cessation was not given as part of their portfolio, with a low level of implementation in tobacco control, and who stayed in surgical units had higher expectations of receiving smoking cessation interventions.nnCONCLUSIONS: Inpatients strongly support the role of hospitals and health professionals in tobacco control and expect to receive smoking cessation interventions during their hospital stay. Systematically providing smoking cessation services in hospitals may have a relevant impact on health outcomes among smokers and on health care system expenditures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33192223,

title = {The Tobacco Control Scale as a research tool to measure country-level tobacco control policy implementation},

author = {Feliu A and Fernández E and Baena A and Joossens L and Peruga A and Fu M and Martínez C},

doi = {10.18332/tid/128318},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {18},

pages = {91},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) was designed for advocacy purposes but has also been used as a research tool. In the present study, we characterized TCS use, its limitations and strengths, and critically assessed its use as a research instrument.nnMETHODS: We conducted an extensive search of the biomedical databases PubMed and Web of Science for the keyword 'tobacco control scale' in all fields. The search was limited to studies published in the period March 2006 to December 2019. Out of 69 hits, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted information from each publication regarding their general characteristics, publication and research aspects, and the characteristics of the use of the TCS.nnRESULTS: We found that researchers have used the TCS as a tool to monitor tobacco control policies mainly in cross-sectional observational studies with ecological and multilevel designs directed to advocacy and the promotion of further research. Different outcomes, such as smoking prevalence and quit ratios, have been associated with tobacco control policy scores. The main reported limitations of the TCS were a low variance across countries and a failure to express enforcement and to incorporate the most recent legislation.nnCONCLUSIONS: The TCS has been commonly used to assess differences in outcomes according to tobacco control policies. However, there are still areas for improvement in its use in research regarding the lack of comparability of TCS scores across time. The lessons that have been learned should be used to adapt and expand the TCS overseas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31558386,

title = {Tackling second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke and aerosols of electronic cigarettes: the TackSHS project protocol},

author = {Fernández E and López MJ and Gallus S and Semple S and Clancy L and Behrakis P and Ruprecht A and Gorini G and López-Nicolás Á and Radu-Loghin C and Soriano JB and TackSHS Project Investigators and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.07.002},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

pages = {77--82},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The TackSHS project aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact that exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) from cigarettes and second-hand aerosols (SHA) from electronic cigarettes have on the respiratory health of the European population according to socioeconomic characteristics and other determinants.nnMETHOD: The TackSHS project involves a series of coordinated studies carried out by 11 academic and public health organisations from six European countries. The project will investigate: a) the determinants of SHS and SHA exposure assessed at the individual level (surveys on representative general population samples) and in common environments (environmental sampling in specific settings); b) the overall disease burden, mortality and morbidity attributable to such exposure; and c) its economic impact in terms of direct health care costs. The project will also examine specific acute respiratory health changes in healthy individuals and patients with respiratory diseases exposed to SHS and SHA. In addition, the project will examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention to reduce SHS exposure in households where smoking is permitted. All these studies are inter-related and involve collaborative coordination among the participant organisations.nnCONCLUSION: The comprehensive, integrated approach of the TackSHS project will enable a significant step forward from the current status quo in the understanding of the impact of SHS and SHA exposure on health and provide the basis for health policy recommendations to help European countries to further reduce the harm caused by SHS and SHA exposure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30025724,

title = {Perceptions of plain cigarette packaging among smokers and non-smokers in Andalusia (Spain)},

author = {Lacave-García B and Rey-Pino JM and Gallopel-Morvan K and Moodie C and Fernández E and Nerín I},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.04.009},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

pages = {10--14},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Each year tobacco is responsible for 650,000 deaths in Europe and 55,000 in Spain. With tobacco advertising and promotion banned in Spain and most of Europe, the last bastion of marketing is the packaging. Plain tobacco packaging -which involves packs having a standardised appearance- has been proposed to counter this. The objective of this study is to research perceptions arising from the plain packaging of tobacco products.nnMETHODS: We employed a qualitative research methodology -focus groups- with smokers and non-smokers in in two medium-sized Andalusian towns (Spain).nnRESULTS: Results show the importance of plain cigarette packaging as a form of promotion, particularly among women and young people, how pack colour influences product perceptions, and how removing full branding increases the salience of the warnings.nnCONCLUSIONS: Plain packaging, combined with pictorial health warnings, may reduce the capacity of packaging to be distinctive and a badge product. Altering pack design in such a way would make it more difficult for tobacco companies to create a favourable image of their brands and may help to reinforce the ability of the population to protect themselves from the dangers of smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30025724b,

title = {Perceptions of plain cigarette packaging among smokers and non-smokers in Andalusia (Spain)},

author = {Lacave-García B and Rey-Pino JM and Gallopel-Morvan K and Moodie C and Fernández E and Nerín I},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.04.009},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

pages = {10--14},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Each year tobacco is responsible for 650,000 deaths in Europe and 55,000 in Spain. With tobacco advertising and promotion banned in Spain and most of Europe, the last bastion of marketing is the packaging. Plain tobacco packaging -which involves packs having a standardised appearance- has been proposed to counter this. The objective of this study is to research perceptions arising from the plain packaging of tobacco products.nnMETHODS: We employed a qualitative research methodology -focus groups- with smokers and non-smokers in in two medium-sized Andalusian towns (Spain).nnRESULTS: Results show the importance of plain cigarette packaging as a form of promotion, particularly among women and young people, how pack colour influences product perceptions, and how removing full branding increases the salience of the warnings.nnCONCLUSIONS: Plain packaging, combined with pictorial health warnings, may reduce the capacity of packaging to be distinctive and a badge product. Altering pack design in such a way would make it more difficult for tobacco companies to create a favourable image of their brands and may help to reinforce the ability of the population to protect themselves from the dangers of smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}