@article{pmid29080448,

title = {Assessment of salivary cotinine concentration among general non-smokers population: Before and after Spanish smoking legislations},

author = {Lidón-Moyano C and Fu M and Perez-Ortuño R and Ballbè M and Sampedro-Vida M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2017.10.011},

issn = {1877-783X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-12-01},

journal = {Cancer Epidemiol},

volume = {51},

pages = {87--91},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010).This study evaluates the association between Spanish smoking legislations and the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in an adult non-smoking population cohort in Barcelona (Spain).nnMETHODS: This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans, in a representative sample of adults (≥16years old) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014 (n=736). We only analyzed non-smokers (n=397). We obtained 9ml of saliva sample for analysis of cotinine, a biomarker of recent tobacco exposure. We calculated geometric means of salivary cotinine concentration and their geometric standard deviation. We used linear mixed effect models, with individuals as random effects, to model the percentage change in salivary cotinine concentration and their 95% confidence intervals.nnRESULTS: The percentage of participants with saliva samples with measurable concentrations of cotinine fell from 92.4% to 64.2% after both Spanish smoking legislations. The geometric mean of salivary cotinine concentration significantly decreased 88% (from 0.98ng/mL to 0.12ng/mL, p<0.001) after the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free legislations. The decrease of the GM salivary cotinine concentration was statistically significant independently of the sociodemographic variables.nnCONCLUSION: There was a large reduction in the salivary cotinine concentration among adult non-smokers and higher cotinine concentrations among those declaring exposure to SHS at home after both legislations. Moreover, after both Spanish smoke-free laws salivary cotinine concentration was homogenized according to sociodemographic variables.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28823683,

title = {E-cigarette use and support for banning e-cigarette use in public places in the European Union},

author = {Laverty AA and Filippidis FT and Fernandez E and Vardavas CI},

doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.007},

issn = {1096-0260},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-12-01},

journal = {Prev Med},

volume = {105},

pages = {10--14},

abstract = {We investigated the factors associated with support for banning e-cigarette use in public places in the European Union (EU) and how this varies by socio-demographic determinants, use of tobacco, ever use of e-cigarettes and their perceived harm. Data are from the representative Special Eurobarometer for Tobacco survey performed in 2014 (n=27,801) in 28 EU member states. Analyses were conducted separately by tobacco use status (never, current, and former smokers) and e-cigarette experimentation status. 70.9% of never smokers, 63.1% of former smokers and 45.7% of current smokers in the EU supported a ban on the use of e-cigarettes in public places. In all groups, support for banning e-cigarettes in public places was lower among those who had experimented with e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.43 vs. 0.50 vs. 0.61, among never, current and former smokers respectively) and higher among those who perceived e-cigarettes as harmful (aORs 2.49 vs 2.35 vs. 2.40, among never, current and former smokers respectively). 40.5% of those who had experimented with e-cigarettes supported a ban on use in public places, although levels of support were lower among those who started using e-cigarettes in order to circumvent existing smoking bans (aOR 0.54, 95% Confidence Interval 0.45-0.64). Bans of e-cigarette use in public places in Europe have high levels of public support even among former and current tobacco smokers, although this does vary across population groups. As legislators consider approaches to e-cigarette use, public opinion is likely to become more important to the passing and enforcement of any legislation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28683343,

title = {Impact of the Spanish smoking laws on tobacco consumption and secondhand smoke exposure: A longitudinal population study},

author = {Lidón-Moyano C and Fu M and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Matilla-Santander N and Martínez C and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.016},

issn = {1873-6327},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-12-01},

journal = {Addict Behav},

volume = {75},

pages = {30--35},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed after the approval of the WHO-FCTC. This study assesses the impact of these Spanish smoking legislations on the active and passive smoking through a population cohort in Barcelona (Spain).nnMETHODS: This is a longitudinal study before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans in Spain in a representative sample (n=1245) of adults (≥16years old) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed-up in 2013-2014. The final sample analyzed was 736 individuals. Both questionnaires (before and after the two laws) included the same variables about active and passive smoking. We calculated the prevalence and the prevalence ratio (PR, with their 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI) of smoking cigarettes and hand-rolled tobacco and also the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home, work, public transport, leisure time and at any setting after vs. before Spanish legislations.nnRESULTS: After the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free bans, a significant decrease was observed in the smoking prevalence (from 34.5% to 26.1%, PR=0.76, p<0.001), in the average cigarettes per day (median from 15.2 to 10.0, p<0.001), and in the percentage of conventional tobacco consumption (from 92.6% to 74.4%, PR=0.80, p<0.001). Furthermore, a significant increase in the use of hand-rolled tobacco (from 6.1% to 30.9%, PR=5.07, p<0.001) and other tobacco products (from 17.1% to 32.8%, PR=1.92, p<0.001) was observed. In addition, a significant decrease in the self-reported SHS exposure was observed in all the assessed settings (home, work, transport, and leisure time).nnCONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the two smoke-free legislations in Spain is related to a reduction in smoking prevalence and SHS exposure. However, the smoking of other tobacco products, particularly hand-rolled tobacco, has increased among young population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28607098,

title = {Correlates of self-reported exposure to advertising of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes across 28 European Union member states},

author = {Filippidis FT and Laverty AA and Fernandez E and Mons U and Tigova O and Vardavas CI},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053479},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-12-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {26},

number = {e2},

pages = {e130--e133},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite advertising bans in most European Union (EU) member states, outlets for promotion of tobacco products and especially e-cigarettes still exist. This study aimed to assess the correlates of self-reported exposure to tobacco products and e-cigarettee advertising in the EU.nnMETHODS: We analysed data from wave 82.4 of the Eurobarometer survey (November-December 2014), collected through interviews in 28 EU member states (n=27 801 aged ≥15 years) and data on bans of tobacco advertising extracted from the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS, 2013). We used multilevel logistic regression to assess sociodemographic correlates of self-reported exposure to any tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements.nnRESULTS: 40% and 41.5% of the respondents reported having seen any e-cigarette and tobacco product advertisement respectively within the past year. Current smokers, males, younger respondents, those with financial difficulties, people who had tried e-cigarettes and daily internet users were more likely to report having seen an e-cigarette and a tobacco product advertisement. Respondents in countries with more comprehensive advertising bans were less likely to self-report exposure to any tobacco advertisements (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96 for one-unit increase in TCS advertising score), but not e-cigarette advertisements (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22).nnCONCLUSION: Ten years after ratification of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, self-reported exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette advertising in the EU is higher in e-cigarette and tobacco users, as well as those with internet access. The implementation of the Tobacco Products Directive may result in significant changes in e-cigarette advertising, therefore improved monitoring of advertising exposure is required in the coming years.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28339751,

title = {Changes in Secondhand Smoke Exposure After Smoke-Free Legislation (Spain, 2006-2011)},

author = {Fernández E and Fu M and Pérez-Ríos M and Schiaffino A and Sureda X and López MJ},

doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntx040},

issn = {1469-994X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-01},

journal = {Nicotine Tob Res},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {1390--1394},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In 2011, the Spanish partial smoke-free legislation was extended to affect all enclosed settings, including hospitality venues and selected outdoor areas. This study evaluated the change in self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke among the adult, nonsmoking population.nnMETHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted on nationally representative samples of the adult (≥18 years) nonsmoking Spanish population. One was conducted in 2006 (6 months after the first ban) and the other in 2011, 6 months after the new ban was implemented. We assessed the prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke in various settings, and the corresponding adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs.nnRESULTS: Overall, the self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke fell from 71.9% (95% CI: 70.1%-73.7%) in 2006 to 45.2% (95% CI: 43.1%-47.3%) in 2011 (PR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.39-0.47). Specifically, self-reported exposure significantly decreased from 29.2% to 12.7% (PR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.31-0.42) in the home, from 35.0% to 13.0% (PR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.33-0.49) at work/education venues, from 56.2% to 32.2% (PR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.39-0.48) during leisure time (mainly hospitality venues, but also venues other than work/education venues and home), and from 40.6% to 12.7% (PR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.21-0.29) in transportation vehicles/stations.nnCONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers decreased after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Spain. In addition to the expected reduction in exposure during leisure time, we observed reductions in settings that were not subject to the new legislation, such as homes, outdoor bus stops, and train stations.nnIMPLICATIONS: Exposure to secondhand smoke in selected outdoor settings may be further reduced by extending smoke-free legislation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28734255,

title = {Use of electronic cigarettes in public and private settings in Barcelona (Spain)},

author = {Matilla-Santander N and Fu M and Ballbè M and Bunch K and Lidón-Moyano C and Martín-Sánchez JC and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.019},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {158},

pages = {685--690},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of e-cigarette users who use them in selected indoor public and workplaces, and private venues in Barcelona (Spain) in 2015.nnMETHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a sample of e-cigarette users (≥ 18 years) from Barcelona (n = 600). We calculated the proportion of e-cigarette users who used the device in public and private settings (in the last 30 days). We fit multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age to calculate the odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of e-cigarette use by socio-demographic factors, dual use and nicotine-containing e-cigarettes.nnRESULTS: The highest proportion of e-cigarette users who used them in public places was found at restaurants or bars (69.4%) and nightclubs or pubs (55.4%). Also being current conventional tobacco smokers (dual users) was significantly associated with lower use of e-cigarettes in workplaces (OR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.41-0.91), restaurants (OR = 0.66, 95%CI:0.45-0.97) and nightclubs (OR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.37-0.86). Moreover, being a nicotine-containing e-cigarette user was associated with higher odds of using the device in workplaces (OR = 2.01, 95%CI:1.34-3.01), and lower odds of using it in nightclubs (OR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.39-0.82). 96.8% of the included e-cigarette users declared to use the device at home. Being a current tobacco smoker was associated with increased odds of using e-cigarettes at home (OR = 3.17, 95%CI:1.22-8.22).nnCONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use in private settings and in public settings where their use is not regulated by law is high. Therefore, the public health administration in Spain should consider expanding the prohibition of e-cigarette use to indoor public places and should take into account the possibility of exposure to aerosol from e-cigarettes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28528290,

title = {Modelling lung cancer mortality rates from smoking prevalence: Fill in the gap},

author = {Martín-Sánchez JC and Bilal U and Clèries R and Lidón-Moyano C and Fu M and González-de Paz L and Franco M and Fernandez E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2017.04.012},

issn = {1877-783X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-01},

journal = {Cancer Epidemiol},

volume = {49},

pages = {19--23},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to estimate the gap between smoking prevalence and lung cancer mortality and provide predictions of lung cancer mortality based on previous smoking prevalence.nnMATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data from the Spanish National Health Surveys (2003, 2006 and 2011) to obtain information about tobacco use and data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute to obtain cancer mortality rates from 1980 to 2013. We calculated the cross-correlation among the historical series of smoking prevalence and lung cancer mortality rate (LCMR) to estimate the most likely time gap between both series. We also predicted the magnitude and timing of the LCMR peak.nnRESULTS: All cross-correlations were statistically significant and positive (all above 0.8). For men, the most likely gap ranges from 20 to 34 years. The age-adjusted LCMR increased by 3.2 deaths per 100,000 people for every 1 unit increase in the smoking prevalence 29 years earlier. The highest rate for men was observed in 1995 (55.6 deaths). For women, the most likely gap ranges from 10 to 37 years. The age-adjusted LCMR increased by 0.28 deaths per 100,000 people for every 1 unit increase in the smoking prevalence 32 years earlier. The maximum rate is expected to occur in 2026 (10.3 deaths).nnCONCLUSION: The time series of prevalence of tobacco smoking explains the mortality from lung cancer with a distance (or gap) of around 30 years. According to the lagged smoking prevalence, the lung cancer mortality among men is declining while in women continues to rise (maximum expected in 2026).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28222364,

title = {Manufactured and roll-your-own cigarettes: A changing pattern of smoking in Barcelona, Spain},

author = {Sureda X and Fu M and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Martínez C and Ballbé M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Saltó E and Pascual JA and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.012},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {155},

pages = {167--174},

abstract = {AIMS: The objectives of the present study were to describe smoking prevalence and compare the smoking attributes of adult smokers according to the type of tobacco product consumed.nnMETHODS: Repeated cross-sectional surveys (2004-2005 and 2011-2012) of a representative sample of the adult (≥16 years) population in Barcelona, Spain, were used to assess self-reported tobacco consumption, smoking attributes, and salivary cotinine concentration. The survey conducted in 2004-2005 included information on 1245 subjects and the survey in 2011-2012 on 1307 individuals.nnRESULTS: Smoking prevalence decreased over the study period (from 26.6% to 24.1% in self-reported daily smokers). The prevalence of daily smokers who reported the use of manufactured cigarettes declined from 23.7% in 2004-2005 to 17.3% in 2011-2012. The prevalence of roll-your-own cigarette users increased from 0.4% to 3.7%. According to data obtained in 2011-2012, the proportion of self-reported roll-your-own cigarette users was higher among men (19.8% vs. 9.5% of women), participants aged 16-44 years (22.9% vs. 5.8% of participants aged 45-65 years and 4.0% of participants aged ≥65 years), and participants with secondary and university education (17.7% and 18.5% vs. 7.9% of participants with less than primary and primary education). We did not observe differences in cotinine concentrations according to the type of tobacco product consumed.nnCONCLUSIONS: Systematic collection of data on smoking prevalence and smoker attributes from representative samples of the population is necessary for policymakers to develop efficient tobacco control interventions. Considering the increase of roll-your-own cigarette users and the unclear health consequences of their use, policymakers should aim to implement tax policies to equalize the prices of different types of tobacco products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26888824,

title = {Correlation between tobacco control policies, consumption of rolled tobacco and e-cigarettes, and intention to quit conventional tobacco, in Europe},

author = {Lidón-Moyano C and Martín-Sánchez JC and Saliba P and Graffelman J and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052482},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {26},

number = {2},

pages = {149--152},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyse the correlation between the implementation of tobacco control policies and tobacco consumption, particularly rolling tobacco, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) users and the intent to quit smoking in 27 countries of the European Union.nnDESIGN: Ecological study with the country as the unit of analysis.nnDATA SOURCES: We used the data from tobacco control activities, measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS), in 27 European countries, in 2010, and the prevalence of tobacco consumption data from the Eurobarometer of 2012.nnANALYSIS: Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and their 95% CIs.nnRESULTS: There was a negative correlation between TCS and prevalence of smoking (r=-0.41; 95% CI -0.67 to -0.07). We also found a negative correlation (r=-0.31) between TCS and the prevalence of ever e-cigarette users, but it was not statistically significant. Among former cigarette smokers, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between TCS and the consumption of hand-rolled tobacco (r=0.46; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.70). We observed a similar correlation between TCS and other tobacco products (cigars and pipe) among former cigarette smokers. There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and intent to quit smoking in the past 12 months (r=0.66; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87).nnCONCLUSIONS: The level of smoke-free legislation among European countries is correlated with a decrease in the prevalence of smoking of conventional cigarettes and an increase in the intent to quit smoking within the past 12 months. However, the consumption of other tobacco products, particularly hand-rolled tobacco, is positively correlated with TCS among former cigarette smokers. Therefore, tobacco control policies should also consider other tobacco products, such as rolling tobacco, cigars and pipes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28242770,

title = {Effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme compared with other smoking cessation interventions in Denmark: a cohort study},

author = {Rasmussen M and Fernández E and Tønnesen H},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013553},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {7},

number = {2},

pages = {e013553},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We compared the effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme (a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention commonly used in Denmark) with other face-to-face smoking cessation programmes in Denmark after implementation in real life, and we identified factors associated with successful quitting.nnDESIGN: Prospective cohort study.nnSETTING: A total of 423 smoking cessation clinics from different settings reported data from 2001 to 2013.nnPARTICIPANTS: In total, 82 515 patients were registered. Smokers ≥15 years old and attending a programme with planned follow-up were included. Smokers who did not want further contact, who intentionally were not followed up or who lacked information about the intervention they received were excluded. A total of 46 287 smokers were included.nnINTERVENTIONS: Various real-life smoking cessation interventions were identified and compared: The Gold Standard Programme, Come & Quit, crash courses, health promotion counselling (brief intervention) and other interventions.nnMAIN OUTCOME: Self-reported continuous abstinence for 6 months.nnRESULTS: Overall, 33% (11 184) were continuously abstinent after 6 months; this value was 24% when non-respondents were considered smokers. The follow-up rate was 74%. Women were less likely to remain abstinent, OR 0.83 (CI 0.79 to 0.87). Short interventions were more effective among men. After adjusting for confounders, the Gold Standard Programme was the only intervention with significant results across sex, increasing the odds of abstinence by 69% for men and 31% for women. In particular, compliance, and to a lesser degree, mild smoking, older age and not being disadvantaged were associated with positive outcomes for both sexes. Compliance increased the odds of abstinence more than 3.5-fold.nnCONCLUSIONS: Over time, Danish smoking cessation interventions have been effective in real life. Compliance is the main predictor of successful quitting. Interestingly, short programmes seem to have relatively strong effects among men, but the absolute numbers are very small. Only the comprehensive Gold Standard Programme works across sexes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29142531,

title = {Factors associated with implementation of the 5A's smoking cessation model},

author = {Martínez C and Castellano Y and Andrés A and Fu M and Antón L and Ballbè M and Fernández P and Cabrera S and Riccobene A and Gavilan E and Feliu A and Baena A and Margalef M and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1186/s12971-017-0146-7},

issn = {2070-7266},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {15},

pages = {41},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several health organizations have adopted the 5A's brief intervention model (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), based on evidence-based guidelines for smoking cessation. We examine individual, cognitive, behavioral, and organizational factors associated with the 5A's performance among clinical healthcare workers in Catalonia. We also investigate how these factors interact and potentially predict the implementation of each component of the 5A's.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among clinical health workers enrolled in an online smoking cessation training course ( = 580). The survey included questions about individual characteristics as well as cognitive, behavioral, and organizational factors previously identified in research. We assessed self-reported performance of the 5A's, assessed on a scale from 0 to 10, and used Multivariate regression to examine factors associated with its performance.nnRESULTS: The performance means (standard deviation) were moderate for the first 3A's [Ask: 6.4 (3.1); Advise: 7.1 (2.7); Assess: 6.3 (2.8)] and low for the last 2A's [Assist: 4.4 (2.9); Arrange: 3.2 (3.3)]. We observed a high correlation between Assist and Arrange ( = 0.704,  < 0.001). Having positive experiences and feeling competent were positively associated with performing the 5A's model and having organizational support with Assist and Arrange. Personal tobacco use among healthcare workers was negatively associated with Advice and Arrange.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our study found that clinical healthcare workers do not perform the 5A's completely. The main barriers identified suggest the need of training and making available practical guidelines in healthcare services. Organizational support is essential for moving towards the implementation of Assist and Arrange.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28595990,

title = {[Using consumer panels in public health observational studies]},

author = {Matilla-Santander N and Fu M and Ballbè M and Lidón-Moyano C and Martín-Sánchez JC and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.03.011},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {31},

number = {5},

pages = {436--438},

abstract = {Consumer panels are a market research method useful for gathering information about low-frequency or difficult-access customers. The objective of this field-note is to explain our experience using this method in a cross-sectional public health study on the use of electronic cigarettes. After taking into account other non-probabilistic sampling techniques to obtain a huge sample of electronic-cigarette users (n=600), in the end we decided to use consumer panels (recruiters) because of the relative short duration of the field work and the high representativeness of the sample.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28341291,

title = {Attitudes of students of a health sciences university towards the extension of smoke-free policies at the university campuses of Barcelona (Spain)},

author = {Martínez C and Méndez C and Sánchez M and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.08.009},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {31},

number = {2},

pages = {132--138},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes towards the extension of outdoor smoke-free areas on university campuses.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study (n=384) conducted using a questionnaire administered to medical and nursing students in Barcelona in 2014. Information was obtained pertaining to support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on university campuses, and the importance of acting as role models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine agreement.nnRESULTS: Most of the students agreed on the importance of health professionals and students as role models (74.9% and 64.1%, respectively) although there were statistically significant differences by smoking status and age. 90% of students reported exposure to smoke on campus. Students expressed strong support for indoor smoke-free policies (97.9%). However, only 39.3% of participants supported regulation of outdoor smoking for university campuses. Non-smokers (OR=12.315; 95% CI: 5.377-28.204) and students ≥22 years old (OR=3.001; 95% CI: 1.439-6.257) were the strongest supporters.nnCONCLUSIONS: The students supported indoor smoke-free policies for universities. However, support for extending smoke-free regulations to outdoor areas of university campuses was limited. It is necessary to educate students about tobacco control and emphasise their importance as role models before extending outdoor smoke-free legislation at university campuses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28128731,

title = {Adaptation, Implementation Plan, and Evaluation of an Online Tobacco Cessation Training Program for Health Care Professionals in Three Spanish-Speaking Latin American Countries: Protocol of the Fruitful Study},

author = {Martínez C and Company A and Guillen O and Margalef M and Arrien MA and Sánchez C and Cáceres de León P and Fernández E and Group of Hospital Coordinators in the Fruitful Project},

doi = {10.2196/resprot.6487},

issn = {1929-0748},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {JMIR Res Protoc},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {e7},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tobacco cessation training programs to treat tobacco dependence have measureable effects on patients' smoking. Tobacco consumption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is high and slowly decreasing, but these countries usually lack measures to face the epidemic, including tobacco cessation training programs for health professionals and organizations. Based on a previous online smoking cessation training program for hospital workers in Spain, the Fruitful Study aims to increase smoking cessation knowledge, attitudes, self-confidence, and performance interventions among health care professionals of three Spanish-speaking low- and middle-income Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries.nnOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology and evaluation strategy of the Fruitful Study intended to adapt, implement, and test the effectiveness of an online, evidence-based tobacco cessation training program addressed to health professionals from Bolivia, Guatemala, and Paraguay.nnMETHODS: This study will use a mixed-methods design with a pre-post evaluation (quantitative approach) and in-depth interviews and focus groups (qualitative approach). The main outcomes will be (1) participants' attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors before and after the training; and (2) the level of implementation of tobacco control policies within the hospitals before and after the training.nnRESULTS: To date, adaptation of the materials, study enrollment, and training activities have been completed. During the adaptation, the main mismatches were language background and content adaptation. Several aids were developed to enable students' training enrollment, including access to computers, support from technicians, and reminders to correctly complete the course. Follow-up data collection is in progress. We have enrolled 281 hospital workers. Results are expected at the beginning of 2017 and will be reported in two follow-up papers: one about the formative evaluation and the other about the summative evaluation.nnCONCLUSIONS: There is a need to learn more about the cultural and content elements that should be modified when an online tobacco cessation training program is adapted to new contexts. Special attention should be given to the personal and material resources that could make the implementation possible. Results from the Fruitful Study may offer a new approach to adapting programs to LMICs in order to offer education solutions with the use of emerging and growing communication technologies.nnCLINICALTRIAL: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02718872; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02718872 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6mjihsgE2).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28104712,

title = {Secondhand smoke risk perception and smoke-free rules in homes: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona (Spain)},

author = {Lidón-Moyano C and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Fu M and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Martínez C and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014207},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {e014207},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the voluntary adoption of smoke-free homes in Spain among general population and to identify variables associated with its voluntary adoption.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=731) of the adult population (>26 years) of Barcelona, Spain, in 2013-2014. We defined smoking rules inside the households as complete indoor rules (when smoking was not allowed inside the house), and partial or absent indoor rules (when smoking was allowed in some designated places inside the house or when smoking was allowed everywhere) and described them according to the perceived risk of the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. We calculated the prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) according to sociodemographic variables.nnRESULTS: 57.4% of households had complete indoor smoke-free rules. The prevalence of households with complete indoor rules was higher among women (PRa: 1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), married (PRa: 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), never-smokers (PRa: 2.68; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.50) and in households where a minor lived (PRa: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). Believe that breathing tobacco smoke from smokers is dangerous for non-smokers (PRa: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.97) is associated with the voluntary adoption of complete indoor smoke-free home.nnCONCLUSIONS: Risk perceptions of SHS exposure were associated with the voluntary adoption of indoor smoke-free homes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}