@article{pmid29975878,

title = {Impact of the Spanish smoking legislation among smokers: A longitudinal study with biomarkers in Barcelona (Spain)},

author = {Lidón-Moyano C and Fu M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Ballbè M and Feliu A and Martín-Sánchez JC and Matilla-Santander N and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.023},

issn = {1873-6327},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-12-01},

journal = {Addict Behav},

volume = {87},

pages = {101--108},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Spanish tobacco control legislation on smoking behavior and salivary cotinine concentration among smokers.nnMETHODS: We used data from a longitudinal study, before (2004-2005) and after (2013-2014) the implementation of the two national smoking bans (in 2006 and 2011), in a representative sample of adults (≥16 years old) from Barcelona (Spain). We only analyzed a subsample of continuing smokers (n = 116). We conducted a survey on smoking behavior and obtained saliva sample for cotinine analyses. For this report, we analyzed a subsample of continuing smokers (n = 116). We calculated geometric means (GM).nnRESULTS: Among continuing smokers, salivary cotinine concentration significantly increased by 28.7% (GM from 91.7 ng/ml to 117.3 ng/ml, p = 0.015) after the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free bans. Nonetheless, no pattern of change was observed in the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked daily.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a significant increase in the salivary cotinine concentration among adult continuing smokers after both Spanish legislations. This increase could be due to differences in smoking topography (increase in the depth of inhalation when smoking) along with changes in the type of tobacco smoked (increase in smoking roll-your-own cigarettes or mixed use of roll-your-own and manufactured cigarettes). Our results suggest the need to extend tobacco control policies, focusing on the reduction of use of any type of tobacco product and implementing better treatment to help smokers stop smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29588061,

title = {Pre-surgical register of tobacco consumption},

author = {Gavilán E and Moreno M and Pérez À and Castellano Y and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2018.01.028},

issn = {1578-8989},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-01},

journal = {Med Clin (Barc)},

volume = {151},

number = {8},

pages = {315--319},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Smoking cessation before surgery decreases the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to analyse the smoking register, associated variables and a short talk given to smokers in pre-surgical visits.nnMATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study. The pre-surgical records of 680 patients were assessed. We selected patient sociodemographic variables, surgical intervention characteristics, smoking status and consumption pattern. Logistic regression was used to study the variables association with smoking.nnRESULTS: A percentage of 97.2 of the pre-surgical records include information on tobacco consumption. Overall 20% of surgical patients are smokers. The probability of smoking is higher among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-4.0) and≤60 years (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2-9.1). None of the records had information regarding a short talk given to patients to give up smoking.nnCONCLUSION: Smoking consumption was prevalent, but the characterisation of a smoker's profile and short talk given to patient before surgery was practically nonexistent. Ensuring that patients who smokes receives a short talk to give up smoking before surgery is necessary.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30037695,

title = {The burden of disease in Spain: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2016},

author = {Soriano JB and Rojas-Rueda D and Alonso J and Antó JM and Cardona PJ and Fernández E and Garcia-Basteiro AL and Benavides FG and Glenn SD and Krish V and Lazarus JV and Martínez-Raga J and Masana MF and Nieuwenhuijsen MJ and Ortiz A and Sánchez-Niño MD and Serrano-Blanco A and Tortajada-Girbés M and Tyrovolas S and Haro JM and Naghavi M and Murray CJL and Colaboradores de GBD en España and Lista de colaboradores de GBD en España:},

doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2018.05.011},

issn = {1578-8989},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-09-01},

journal = {Med Clin (Barc)},

volume = {151},

number = {5},

pages = {171--190},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global burden of disease (GBD) project measures the health of populations worldwide on an annual basis, and results are available by country. We used the estimates of the GBD to summarise the state of health in Spain in 2016 and report trends in mortality and morbidity from 1990 to 2016.nnMATERIAL AND METHODS: GBD 2016 estimated disease burden due to 333 diseases and injuries, and 84 risk factors. The GBD list of causes is hierarchical and includes 3 top level categories, namely: 1) communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; 2) non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 3) injuries. Mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), risk factors, and progress towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented based on the GBD 2016 data in Spain.nnRESULTS: There were 418,516 deaths in Spain in 2016, from a total population of 46.5 million, and 80.5% of them occurred in those aged 70 years and older. Overall, NCDs were the main cause of death: 388,617 (95% uncertainty interval 374,959-402,486), corresponding to 92.8% of all deaths. They were followed by 3.6% due to injuries with 15,052 (13,902-17,107) deaths, and 3.5% communicable diseases with 14,847 (13,208-16,482) deaths. The 5 leading specific causes of death were ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 14.6% of all deaths), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (13.6%), stroke (7.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.9%), and lung cancer (5.0%). Remarkable increases in mortality from 1990 to 2016 were observed in other cancers, lower respiratory infections, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular disease, among others. On the contrary, road injuries moved down from 8th to 32nd position, and diabetes from 6th to 10th. Low back and neck pain became the number one cause of DALYs in Spain in 2016, just surpassing IHD, while Alzheimer disease moved from 9th to 3rd position. The greatest changes in DALYs were observed for road injuries dropping from 4th to 16th position, and congenital disorders from 17th to 35th; conversely, oral disorders rose from 25th to 17th. Overall, smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor in Spain, followed by high blood pressure, high body mass index, alcohol use, and high fasting plasma glucose. Finally, Spain scored 74.3 of 100 points in the SDG index classification in 2016, and the main national drivers of detrimental health in SDGs were alcohol consumption, smoking and child obesity. An increase to 80.3 points is projected in 2030.nnCONCLUSION: Low back and neck pain was the most important contributor of disability in Spain in 2016. There has seen a remarkable increase in the burden due to Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Tobacco remains the most important health issue to address in Spain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29727822,

title = {Second-hand smoke exposure in outdoor hospitality venues: Smoking visibility and assessment of airborne markers},

author = {Sureda X and Bilal U and Fernández E and Valiente R and Escobar FJ and Navas-Acien A and Franco M},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.024},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-08-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {165},

pages = {220--227},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: After the implementation of smoke-free policies in indoor hospitality venues (including bars, cafeterias, restaurants, and pubs), smokers may have been displaced to their outdoor areas. We aimed to study smoking visibility and second-hand smoke exposure in outdoor hospitality venues.nnMETHODS: We collected information on signs of tobacco consumption on entrances and terraces of hospitality venues in 2016 in the city of Madrid, Spain. We further measured airborne nicotine concentrations and particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) in terraces with monitors by active sampling during 30 min. We calculated the medians and the interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine and PM2.5 concentrations, and fitted multivariate models to characterize their determinants.nnRESULTS: We found 202 hospitality venues between May and September (summer), and 83 between October and December 2016 (fall) that were opened at the time of observation. We found signs of tobacco consumption on 78.2% of the outdoor main entrances and on 95.1% of outdoor terraces. We measured nicotine and PM2.5 concentrations in 92 outdoor terraces (out of the 123 terraces observed). Overall median nicotine concentration was 0.42 (IQR: 0.14-1.59) μg/m, and overall PM2.5 concentration was 10.40 (IQR: 6.76-15.47) μg/m (statistically significantly higher than the background levels). Multivariable analyses showed that nicotine and PM2.5 concentrations increased when the terraces were completely closed, and when tobacco smell was noticed. Nicotine concentrations increased with the presence of cigarette butts, and when there were more than eight lit cigarettes at a time.nnCONCLUSIONS: Outdoor hospitality venues are areas where non-smokers, both employees and patrons, continue to be exposed to second-hand smoke. These spaces should be further studied and considered in future tobacco control interventions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29567419,

title = {Validity of self-reported indicators to assess secondhand smoke exposure in the home},

author = {Arechavala T and Continente X and Pérez-Ríos M and Fernández E and Cortés-Francisco N and Schiaffino A and Centrich F and Muñoz G and López MJ},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.014},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-07-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {164},

pages = {340--345},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Questionnaires are widely used to assess secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. However, the validity of self-reported SHS exposure indicators has been rarely assessed. We aimed to assess correlations, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values between self-reported SHS exposure indicators and airborne nicotine concentrations.nnMETHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 175 homes in Barcelona and Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Airborne nicotine samples were collected from participants' homes and a self-administered questionnaire was completed on SHS exposure in the home. Spearman correlations coefficients and sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were assessed between self-reported SHS exposure indicators and nicotine concentrations in the home.nnRESULTS: All self-reported SHS exposure indicators correlated moderately strongly with airborne nicotine concentrations (Spearman correlations coefficient ranging from 0.58 to 0.65). Moreover, sensitivities and negative predictive values between self-reported indicators and the presence of nicotine in the home were below 66.4% while specificities and positive predictive values were over 78.4%. The "number of people usually smoking in the home" showed the best results (r = 0.65, p < 0.001; sensitivity = 50.4%, specificity = 95.2%, PPV = 95.0, NPV = 51.3).nnCONCLUSIONS: The self-reported SHS indicators assessed in this study showed moderate and strong correlations, low sensitivities, and high specificities. Among them, the best results were obtained with the "number of people usually smoking in the home".},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28379885,

title = {Recent lung cancer mortality trends in Europe: effect of national smoke-free legislation strengthening},

author = {López-Campos JL and Ruiz-Ramos M and Fernandez E and Soriano JB},

doi = {10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000354},

issn = {1473-5709},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-07-01},

journal = {Eur J Cancer Prev},

volume = {27},

number = {4},

pages = {296--302},

abstract = {The impact of smoke-free legislation within European Union (EU) countries on lung cancer mortality has not been evaluated to date. We aimed to determine lung cancer mortality trends in the EU-27 by sex, age, and calendar year for the period of 1994 and 2012, and relate them with changes in tobacco legislation at the national level. Deaths by Eurostat in each European country were analyzed, focusing on ICD-10 codes C33 and C34 from the years 1994 to 2012. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASR) were estimated separately for women and men in the EU-27 total and within country for each one of the years studied, and the significance of changing trends was estimated by joinpoint regression analysis, exploring lag times after initiation of smoke-free legislation in every country, if any. From 1994 to 2012, there were 4 681 877 deaths from lung cancer in Europe (3 491 607 in men and 1 190 180 in women) and a nearly linear decrease in mortality rates because of lung cancer in men from was observed1994 to 2012, mirrored in women by an upward trend, narrowing the sex gap during the study period from 5.1 in 1994 to 2.8 in 2012. Joinpoint regression analysis identified a number of trend changes over time, but it appears that they were unrelated to the implementation of smoke-free legislations. A few years after the introduction of smoke-free legislations across Europe, trends of lung cancer mortality trends have not changed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28822971,

title = {Second-hand smoke exposure in homes with children: assessment of airborne nicotine in the living room and children's bedroom},

author = {Arechavala T and Continente X and Pérez-Ríos M and Schiaffino A and Fernandez E and Cortés-Francisco N and Centrich F and Muñoz G and López MJ},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053751},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-07-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {27},

number = {4},

pages = {399--406},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The introduction of 'smoke-free laws' has reduced the population's exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS), although SHS is still an issue in homes and other public places. Children are vulnerable to its health effects, and their greatest exposure occurs at home.nnOBJECTIVES: To assess airborne nicotine concentration of the living room and children's bedroom of homes with children under 13 years of age, and to analyse factors associated with these levels.nnMETHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Barcelona in 2015-2016, selecting a convenience sample from families with at least one child under 13 years of age. The sample comprised 50 families with smokers and 50 without. We measured airborne nicotine concentrations in the living room and children's bedroom, and, using a questionnaire administered to the parents, collected information about smoking habits at home.nnRESULTS: Homes without smokers showed nicotine concentrations below the limit of detection (<0.02 µg/m), while those with at least one smoker showed 0.16 µg/m in the living room and 0.12 µg/m in the bedroom. When smoking was allowed inside home, these values increased to 1.04 and 0.48 µg/m, respectively. Moreover, nicotine concentrations in both rooms were strongly correlated (r=0.89), and higher nicotine levels were associated with the number of cigarettes smoked in the living room, smoking rules, the number of smokers living at home and tobacco smell.nnCONCLUSIONS: Homes with smokers present SHS in the living room and in the children's bedroom. Therefore, programmes focused on reducing children's SHS exposure are urgently needed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28575394,

title = {Sex and Age Specific Projections of Smoking Prevalence in Spain: A Bayesian Approach},

author = {Martín-Sánchez JC and Martinez-Sanchez JM and Bilal U and Cleries R and Fu M and Lidón-Moyano C and Sureda X and Franco M and Fernandez E},

doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntx120},

issn = {1469-994X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-05-01},

journal = {Nicotine Tob Res},

volume = {20},

number = {6},

pages = {725--730},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To project future smoking prevalence rates in Spain by sex and age groups using Bayesian methods and to estimate the probability of a 30% relative reduction between 2010 and 2025.nnMETHODS: We used the data from the Spanish National Health Surveys (2003, 2006, and 2011) to obtain information about current and former smoking. We reconstructed annual smoking rates from 1989 through 2011 by sex and 5-year age groups. The prevalence were projected for the period 2012-2025 using a Bayesian logistic binomial model and estimated the probability to achieve the 30% relative reduction endorsed by the WHO. We calculated the 95% credible interval (CrI) of the posterior distribution, which includes a 95% of the distribution of potential smoking prevalences.nnRESULTS: In men, the projections show a decline for crude (-2.64% annually, 95% CrI: -3.32; -1.97) and adjusted (-2.50%, 95% CrI:-3.14; -1.87) prevalence. In women, the projections show a decline for crude prevalence (-0.36%, 95% CrI: -1.02; -0.30)) and the age-adjusted prevalence (-1.02%, 95% CrI: -1.61, -0.47). By age groups, the decline is greater among women aged 15-39 years (-3.92%, 95% CrI: -4.92; -2.96)) while for women aged 40-64 years an increase (1.84%, 95% CrI: 1.06; 2.58) is expected. In men, the probability to achieve the WHO target is 0.728 and in women is less than 0.001. The age group 15-39 shows the highest probability to achieve the target.nnCONCLUSIONS: The results suggest smoking prevalence will decrease during 2012-2025 in all age groups for both sexes except for women aged 40-64. We found that the WHO target of a 30% reduction in prevalence is likely to be achieved overall and in the 15-39 years age groups for both sexes, but not achieved for older women and it is uncertain whether it will be achieved for older men. These results highlight the need to strengthen public health interventions that focus on reducing tobacco use in adult women aged 40-64 years old.nnIMPLICATIONS: We project a decrease in smoking prevalence in during 2012-2025 except for women aged 40-64. The WHO Target of a 30% relative reduction could be achieved in the population aged 15-39; but not in women and the results are inconclusive in men. These results highlight the need to strengthen public health interventions that focus on reducing tobacco use in adult women aged 40-64 years old.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29567840,

title = {Motivation and main flavour of use, use with nicotine and dual use of electronic cigarettes in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional study},

author = {Bunch K and Fu M and Ballbè M and Matilla-Santader N and Lidón-Moyano C and Martin-Sanchez JC and Fernandez E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018329},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {e018329},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to describe current e-cigarette users' patterns of use including primary motivation for use, dual use, use with nicotine and principal flavour used, according to individuals' sociodemographic characteristics and conventional tobacco consumption in Barcelona, Spain.nnDESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a cross-sectional study of adult (≥18) current e-cigarette users of Barcelona (n=600), recruited in 2015. Researchers calculated percentages and ORs with their 95% CIs of users' e-cigarette use with nicotine, primary motivation for use and preferred flavour. The analyses were stratified by sociodemographic variables including sex, age and level of education and by patterns of e-cigarette use and past and current conventional tobacco use.nnRESULTS: The most prevalent motivation for using e-cigarettes was to reduce tobacco smoking (48%, n=288), followed by quitting smoking (39.2%, n=235), and to use e-cigarettes in places where tobacco smoking was prohibited (10.2%, n=61). The most prevalent primary flavour used was tobacco (49%, n=294), followed by fruit (19.5%, n=117). People younger than 25 years old (OR=4.36, 95% CI 1.99 to 9.57) were more likely than older people to use them where smoking cigarettes was prohibited. A greater proportion of those in the youngest age group preferred fruit flavour compared with older individuals (29.3%, n=41).nnCONCLUSIONS: Younger users of e-cigarettes and non-smokers are more likely to use flavours other than tobacco and to use e-cigarettes mainly for recreational purposes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29353631,

title = {Efficacy of Plantago major, chlorhexidine 0.12% and sodium bicarbonate 5% solution in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients with solid tumour: A feasibility randomised triple-blind phase III clinical trial},

author = {Cabrera-Jaime S and Martínez C and Ferro-García T and Giner-Boya P and Icart-Isern T and Estrada-Masllorens JM and Fernández-Ortega P},

doi = {10.1016/j.ejon.2017.11.006},

issn = {1532-2122},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-02-01},

journal = {Eur J Oncol Nurs},

volume = {32},

pages = {40--47},

abstract = {PURPOSE: Oral mucositis is one of the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Plantago major extract versus chlorhexidine 0.12% versus sodium bicarbonate 5% in the symptomatic treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in solid tumour cancer patients.nnMETHOD: Multicentre randomised controlled trial estimated sample of 45 solid tumour patients with grade II-III mucositis. The participants were randomised to one of three treatments, consisting of sodium bicarbonate 5% aqueous solution together with: an additional dose of sodium bicarbonate 5% aqueous solution, Plantago major extract, or chlorhexidine 0.12%. The primary outcomes were severity of mucositis, pain intensity, oral intake capacity and quality of life. The independent variable was treatment group, and confounders included sociodemographic data, neutrophil count, chemotherapy drug and dose received.nnRESULTS: Of the 50 patients enrolled, 68% (n = 34) achieved grade 0 mucositis (none), with those using the double sodium bicarbonate rinse healing in five days on average (95% CI 3.9, 6.5) versus seven days (95% CI 5.3, 9,0) for the chlorhexidine group and seven days (95% CI 5.3, 8.5) for the Plantago major group. The pain experienced by the participants lessened over the 14 days of treatment, but differences in pain intensity between the three groups did not show statistical significance (p = 0.762).nnCONCLUSIONS: Healing time was shorter with the double sodium bicarbonate solution compared to the other two rinses, but the differences were not significant. Our results suggest it may be time to reconsider the use of Plantago major extract in the management of oral mucositis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516464,

title = {Knowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Trofor AC and Papadakis S and Lotrean LM and Radu-Loghin C and Eremia M and Mihaltan F and Driezen P and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Demjén T and Nogueira SO and Fernández E and Tountas Y and Przewoźniak K and McNeill A and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/99542},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A10},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine knowledge of health effects of smoking and the impact of cigarette package warnings among tobacco users from six European Union (EU) Member States (MS) immediately prior to the introduction of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016 and to explore the interrelationship between these two factors.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected via face-to-face interviews with adult smokers (n=6011) from six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) between June-September 2016. Sociodemographic variables and knowledge of health risks of smoking (KHR) were assessed. Warning salience, thoughts of harm, thoughts of quitting and foregoing of cigarettes as a result of health warnings were assessed. The Label Impact Index (LII) was used as a composite measure of warning effects. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic predictors of KHR and LII and the inter-relationship between knowledge and LII scores.nnRESULTS: The KHR index was highest in Romania and Greece and lowest in Hungary and Germany. While the majority of smokers knew that smoking increases the risk for heart diseases, lung and throat cancer, there was lower awareness that tobacco use caused mouth cancer, pulmonary diseases, stroke, and there were very low levels of knowledge that it was also associated with impotence and blindness, in all six countries. Knowledge regarding the health risks of passive smoking was moderate in most countries. The LII was highest in Romania and Poland, followed by Spain and Greece, and lowest in Germany and Hungary. In almost all countries, there was a positive association between LII scores and higher KHR scores after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with KHR and LII, with differences in these associations documented across countries.nnCONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence to support the need for stronger educational efforts and policies that can enhance the effectiveness of health warnings in communicating health risks and promoting quit attempts. Data will serve as a baseline for examining the impact of the TPD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516463,

title = {Patterns of tobacco use, quit attempts, readiness to quit and self-efficacy among smokers with anxiety or depression: Findings among six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Petroulia I and Kyriakos CN and Papadakis S and Tzavara C and Filippidis FT and Girvalaki C and Peleki T and Katsaounou P and McNeill A and Mons U and Fernández E and Demjén T and Trofor AC and Herbeć A and Zatoński WA and Tountas Y and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/98965},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A9},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We compared smoking behaviors, past quit attempts, readiness to quit and beliefs about quitting among current cigarette smokers with probable anxiety or depression (PAD) to those without PAD, from six European Union (EU) Member States (MS).nnMETHODS: A nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 6011 adult cigarette smokers from six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) was randomly selected through a multistage cluster sampling design in 2016. Respondents were classified as having PAD based on self-reported current diagnosis or treatment for anxiety or depression, or a positive screen for major depression, according to a validated two-item instrument. Sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of tobacco use, past quitting, readiness to quit, self-efficacy and beliefs about quitting were assessed for patients with and without PAD. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of PAD. All analyses were conducted using the complex samples package of SPSS.nnRESULTS: Among smokers sampled, 21.0% (95% CI: 19.3-22.9) were identified as having PAD. Logistic regression analyses controlling for socioeconomic variables and cigarettes smoked per day found smokers with PAD were more likely to have made an attempt to quit smoking in the past (AOR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.25-1.74), made a quit attempt in the last 12 months (AOR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.45-2.11), and report lower self-efficacy with quitting (AOR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.44-2.32) compared to smokers without PAD. Additionally, it was found that individuals with PAD were more likely to report having received advice to quit from a doctor or health professional and having used quitline support as part of their last quit attempt.nnCONCLUSIONS: Smokers with PAD report a greater interest in quitting in the future and more frequent failed quit attempts than smokers without PAD; however, the high rates of untreated anxiety or depression, nicotine dependence, low confidence in the ability to quit, infrequent use of cessation methods, as well as socioeconomic factors may make quitting difficult.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516467,

title = {Cross-border purchasing of cigarettes among smokers in Six Countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Driezen P and Thompson ME and Fong GT and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Fernández E and Mons U and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/100411},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A13},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The availability of lower-cost cigarettes in neighboring countries provides price-sensitive smokers with incentives to purchase cheaper out-of-country cigarettes. This study estimates the prevalence of and factors associated with cross-border purchasing of cheaper cigarettes among smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain. The prevalence of cross-border purchasing was estimated by residential location, defined as living in regions bordering a lower-price country (where prices were at least €1/pack lower), regions bordering a similar- or higher-price country, and internal non-border regions.nnMETHODS: Data were from a survey of nationally representative samples of adult smokers (n=6011) from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain. The primary outcome was purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes in the previous six months. Residential location was defined using The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS2 in Germany and NUTS3 in the other countries). Multivariable logistic regression tested differences in purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes by country and residential location.nnRESULTS: Residential location was associated with purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes in Germany and Poland (p<0.05): 31% of German and 11% of Polish smokers living in regions bordering lower-price countries reported purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes in the previous six months. Smokers living in regions bordering lower-price countries had 4.21 times greater odds of purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes compared to smokers living in non-border regions.nnCONCLUSIONS: Overall, only a minority of smokers in the six countries purchased cheaper cigarettes outside their country. However, smokers living in regions bordering countries where cigarettes were at least €1/pack lower than their home country had significantly higher odds of purchasing cheaper out-of-country cigarettes. This effect was especially prominent among German smokers. Tax harmonization policies designed to minimize cross-border price differentials can eliminate lower-priced alternatives for price-sensitive smokers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516470,

title = {The purchase sources of and price paid for cigarettes in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Demjén T and Kiss J and Kovács PA and Mons U and Kahnert S and Driezen P and Kyriakos CN and Zatoński M and Przewoźniak K and Fu M and Fernández E and McNeill A and Willemsen M and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/100413},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A16},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tobacco tax policies have been proven to be effective in reducing tobacco consumption, but their impact can be mitigated through price-minimizing behaviours among smokers. This study explored the purchase sources of tobacco products and the price paid for tobacco products in six EU member states.nnMETHODS: Data from Wave 1 of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey collected from nationally representative samples of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (ITC 6E Survey) were used. The ITC 6E Survey sample, conducted in 2016, randomly sampled 6011 adult cigarette smokers aged 18 years or older. Information on purchase sources of tobacco was examined by country. The difference in reported purchase price by purchase location (store vs non-store/other) was analysed using linear regression for each country.nnRESULTS: Tobacco purchasing patterns and sources varied widely between countries. Non-store/other purchases were very rare in Hungary (0.1%) while these types of purchases were more common in Germany (5.1%) and Poland (8.6%). Reported prices of one standard pack of 20 cigarettes were highest in Germany (4.80€) and lowest in Hungary (2.45€). While non-store purchases were only made by a minority of smokers (>10% in all countries), the price differential was considerable between store and non-store/other sources, up to 2€ per pack in Greece and in Germany.nnCONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a huge variation of purchasing sources and price differentials between store and non-store purchasing sources across the six EU member states examined. While the cross-sectional data precludes any causal inference, supply chain control through licensing as introduced in Hungary and the lack of such measures in the other countries might nevertheless be a plausible explanation for the large differences in the frequency of non-store purchases observed in this study.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516469,

title = {Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {East KA and Hitchman SC and McDermott M and McNeill A and Herbeć A and Tountas Y and Bécuwe N and Demjén T and Fu M and Fernández E and Mons U and Trofor AC and Zatoński WA and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/104417},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A15},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study explores whether current smokers' social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vary across seven European countries alongside smoking and e-cigarette prevalence rates. At the time of surveying, England had the lowest current smoking prevalence and Greece the highest. Hungary, Romania and Spain had the lowest prevalence of any e-cigarette use and England the highest.nnMETHODS: Respondents were adult (≥18 years) current smokers from the 2016 EUREST-PLUS ITC (Romania, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Greece, Germany) and ITC 4CV England Surveys (N=7779). Using logistic regression, associations between country and (a) smoking norms and (b) e-cigarette norms were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, smoking status, heaviness of smoking, and e-cigarette status.nnRESULTS: Compared with England, smoking norms were higher in all countries: reporting that at least three of five closest friends smoke (19% vs 65-84% [AOR=6.9-24.0; Hungary-Greece]), perceiving that people important to them approve of smoking (8% vs 14-57% [1.9-51.1; Spain-Hungary]), perceiving that the public approves of smoking (5% vs 6-37% [1.7-15.8; Spain-Hungary]), disagreeing that smokers are marginalised (9% vs 16-50% [2.3-12.3; Poland-Greece]) except in Hungary. Compared with England: reporting that at least one of five closest friends uses e-cigarettes was higher in Poland (28% vs 36% [2.7]) but lower in Spain and Romania (28% vs 6-14% [0.3-0.6]), perceiving that the public approves of e-cigarettes was higher in Poland, Hungary and Greece (32% vs 36-40% [1.5-1.6]) but lower in Spain and Romania in unadjusted analyses only (32% vs 24-26%), reporting seeing e-cigarette use in public at least some days was lower in all countries (81% vs 12-55% [0.1-0.4]; Spain-Greece).nnCONCLUSIONS: Smokers from England had the least pro-smoking norms. Smokers from Spain had the least pro-e-cigarette norms. Friend smoking and disagreeing that smokers are marginalised broadly aligned with country-level current smoking rates. Seeing e-cigarette use in public broadly aligned with country-level any e-cigarette use. Generally, no other norms aligned with product prevalence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516462,

title = {Prevalence and correlates of different smoking bans in homes and cars among smokers in six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Kyriakos CN and Fong GT and Mons U and Zatoński WA and Agar TK and Quah ACK and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Przewoźniak K and Tountas Y and Vardavas CI and Fernández E and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/94827},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A8},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Second-hand smoke exposure has decreased in a number of countries due to widespread smoke-free legislation in public places, but exposure is still present in private settings like homes and cars. Our objective was to describe to what extent smokers implement smoking rules in these settings in six European Union (EU) Member States (MS).nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (ITC six European countries survey, part of the EUREST-PLUS Project). We analysed data from 6011 smokers regarding smoking rules in their homes and in cars with children (no rules, partial ban, total ban). We described the prevalence of smoking rules by EU MS and several sociodemographic and smoking characteristics using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) derived from Poisson regression models. .nnRESULTS: In homes, 26.5% had a total smoking ban (from 13.1% in Spain to 35.5% in Hungary), 44.7% had a partial ban (from 41.3% in Spain to 49.9% in Greece), and 28.8% had no-smoking rules (from 20.2% in Romania to 45.6% in Spain). Prevalence of no-smoking rules in cars with children was 16.2% (from 11.2% in Germany to 20.4% in Spain). The correlates of not restricting smoking in homes and cars included: low education (PR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.20-1.90 and PR=1.55; 95%CI: 1.09-2.20), smoking >30 cigarettes daily (PR=1.53; 95%CI: 1.10-2.14 and PR=2.66; 95%CI: 1.40-5.05) and no attempts to quit ever (PR=1.18; 95%CI: 1.06-1.31 and PR=1.28; 95%CI: 1.06-1.54).nnCONCLUSIONS: Among smokers in six EU MS, no-smoking rules were more prevalent in homes than in cars with children. Whilst awareness about the health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke on children seemed to be high, more research is needed to better understand the factors that promote private smoke-free environments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516471,

title = {Correlates of the support for smoke-free policies among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC EUROPE SURVEYS},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Mons U and Agar T and Kyriakos CN and Quah ACK and Fong GT and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Zatoński WA and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Vardavas CI and Fernández E and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/103918},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A17},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This report describes the support for smoke-free policies in different settings among smokers in six European countries and the relationship between their opinions about the places where smoking should be banned and their beliefs about the harms of secondhand smoke to non-smokers.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey (the ITC 6 European Country Survey, part of the EUREST-PLUS Project) was conducted using nationally representative samples of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (n=6011). We describe the prevalence of agreement and support for smoke-free policies in different settings according to sociodemographics, smoking characteristics and beliefs about the danger of secondhand smoke to non-smokers.nnRESULTS: There was high agreement with smoking regulations in cars with preschool children and in schoolyards of primary/secondary schools (>90% overall) and low agreement with banning smoking in outdoor terraces of bars/pubs (8.6%; 95%CI: 7.5%-9.8%) and restaurants (10.1%; 95%CI: 8.9%-11.4%). The highest support for complete smoking bans inside public places came from smokers in Poland, among women, people aged ≥25 years, who had low nicotine dependence, and who tried to quit smoking in the last 12 months. About 78% of participants agreed that tobacco smoke is dangerous to non-smokers, ranging from 63.1% in Hungary to 88.3% in Romania; the highest agreement was noted among women, the 25-54 age groups, those with higher education, low cigarette dependence, and those who tried to quit in the last 12 months. The support for complete smoking bans in public places was consistently higher among smokers who agreed that secondhand smoke is dangerous to non-smokers.nnCONCLUSIONS: Smokers in six European countries declared strong support for smoke-free policies in indoor settings and in settings with minors but low support in outdoor settings, particularly leisure facilities. More education is needed to increase the awareness about the potential exposure to secondhand smoke in specific outdoor areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516466,

title = {Cigarette brand loyalty among smokers in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Nogueira SO and Tigova O and Castellano Y and Mons U and Kyriakos CN and McNeill A and Trofor AC and Zatoński WA and Przewoźniak K and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Quah ACK and Fong GT and Fu M and Vardavas CI and Fernández E and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/99116},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A12},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aims to describe the degree of smokers' loyalty to a specific brand of tobacco products and the variables related to choosing a specific brand among smokers in six European countries.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted for a representative sample of adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain (approximately 1000 smokers per country). The prevalence of smokers' having a usual brand of cigarettes smoked (factory-made or roll-yourown cigarettes), the brand of choice, the factors for choosing a specific brand and the degree of loyalty to that brand (not at all, a little, somewhat and a lot) were assessed by country, sociodemographics and smoking-related variables.nnRESULTS: In total, 86.6% of the smokers reported having a usual brand. In three out of the six countries, one brand holds the loyalty of between 17.8% and 24.5% of the smokers that reported having a usual brand for factory-made cigarettes. Most participants reported being loyal 'a lot' to their brand of choice (44.4%). The reasons most reported for choosing a cigarette brand were the taste (83.2%) and the price (51.7%).nnCONCLUSIONS: Brand loyalty is high among factory-made and roll-your-own cigarette smokers in six European countries. Future research on longitudinal trends of brand loyalty to evaluate the effect of tobacco control policies in these European countries is warranted.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516465,

title = {Secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosols among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Tigova O and Amalia B and Castellano Y and Fu M and Nogueira SO and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Trofor AC and Zatoński WA and Przewoźniak K and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Quah ACK and Fong GT and Fernández E and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/99117},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A11},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has grown significantly in some European Union (EU) Member States (MS). A better understanding of the exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosols (SHA) is necessary to develop and implement comprehensive regulations on e-cigarette use in public places. This study aims to assess the observation of e-cigarette use in public places, the self-reported exposure to SHA, and the level of users' comfort using e-cigarettes in the presence of others.nnMETHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the Wave 1 International Tobacco Control 6 European Countries Survey recruiting adult smokers (n=6011) across six EU MS: Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain, within the EURESTPLUS Project. A descriptive analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence (%) of observed e-cigarette use in different places, frequency of self-reported exposure to SHA, and level of comfort using e-cigarettes in the presence of others.nnRESULTS: In all, 31.0% of smokers observed others using e-cigarette in public places, 19.7% in indoor places where smoking is banned, and 14.5% indoors at work. Almost 37% of smokers reported to be ever exposed to SHA, ranging from 17.7% in Spain to 63.3% in Greece. The higher prevalence of observed e-cigarette use and passive exposure to SHA was reported by smokers of younger age, of higher educational level and those being current or former e-cigarette users. Part (8.8%) of the smokers who were also e-cigarette users reported feeling uncomfortable using e-cigarettes in the presence of others.nnCONCLUSIONS: A third of smokers from six EU MS reported being exposed to SHA. Prevalence differences were observed among the countries. In the context of scarce evidence on long-term health effects of exposure to SHA, precautionary regulations protecting bystanders from involuntary exposure should be developed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29089104,

title = {Correlation between tobacco control policies and preterm births and low birth weight in Europe},

author = {Díez-Izquierdo A and Balaguer A and Lidón-Moyano C and Martín-Sánchez JC and Galán I and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.033},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {160},

pages = {547--553},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between tobacco control policies- particularly smoking bans in work and public places-and the prevalence of preterm births and low birth weight in the European countries.nnMETHODS: This is an ecological study and the unit of analysis set at the country level. Tobacco control data in Europe were obtained for the years 2010 and 2013 as measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS), which reflects the level of implementation of tobacco control policies. Prevalence data for preterm births and low birth weight were obtained from two sources: the European Perinatal Health Report (EPHR), which provides data for 2010, and the Eurostat data, which includes the years 2013 and 2014. We analyzed the correlation between the TCS score and the prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight in the European countries by means of Spearman (rsp) rank-correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).nnRESULTS: The 2010 TCS was negatively correlated with the prevalence of preterm births before week 37 (rsp = -0.51; 95% CI: -0.77, -0.15; p = 0.006) and week 32 (rsp = -0.42; 95%CI: -0.73, -0.01; p = 0.030) and with the prevalence of the low birth weight (< 2500g, (rsp = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.66, -0.09; p = 0.028) in European countries in 2010. We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between the level of restrictions on smoking in public places and the prevalence of low birth weight (< 2500g rsp: -0.54; 95%CI: -0.72, -0.10; p = 0.017).nnCONCLUSION: The level of smoke-free legislation in European countries correlates with lower preterm birth prevalence rates at the ecological level. Given the important negative effects of premature births for the public health system, these data support greater implementation of smoke-free policies and tend to support the implementation of tobacco control policies, but more research is needed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29374664,

title = {Students' satisfaction and perceived impact on knowledge, attitudes and skills after a 2-day course in scientific writing: a prospective longitudinal study in Spain},

author = {Fernández E and García AM and Serés E and Bosch F},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018657},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

pages = {e018657},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine students' satisfaction with a 2-day course on scientific writing in health sciences and to assess their perceptions of the long-term impact on their knowledge, attitudes and skills.nnSETTING: 27 iterations of a 2-day course on writing and publishing scientific articles in health sciences.nnPARTICIPANTS: 741 students attending the 27 courses.nnDESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study.nnPRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Immediately after each course, students completed a first questionnaire, rating their satisfaction with different aspects of the classroom sessions on a Likert scale (0-5). Approximately 2 years after the course, students completed a follow-up questionnaire, using a Likert scale (0-4) to rate their knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to scientific writing before and after attending the course.nnRESULTS: 741 students (70% women) participated in the 27 iterations of the course; 568 (76.8%) completed the first questionnaire and 182 (24.6%) completed the follow-up questionnaire. The first questionnaire reflected high overall satisfaction (mean score, 4.6). In the second questionnaire, students reported that the course had improved their knowledge (mean improvement: 1.6; 95% CI 1.6 to 1.7), attitudes (mean improvement: 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4) and skills (mean improvement: 1.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.4) related to writing and publishing scientific papers. Most respondents (n=145, 79.7%) had participated in drafting a scientific paper after the course; in this subgroup, all the specific writing skills assessed in the second questionnaire significantly improved.nnCONCLUSIONS: Students were satisfied with the format and the contents of the course, and those who responded to the follow-up survey considered that the course had improved their knowledge, attitudes and skills in relation to scientific writing and publishing. Courses are particularly important in countries without strong traditions in scientific publication.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516459,

title = {The Conceptual Model and Methods of Wave 1 (2016) of the EUREST-PLUS ITC 6 European Countries Survey},

author = {Fong GT and Thompson ME and Boudreau C and Bécuwe N and Driezen P and Agar TK and Quah ACK and Zatoński WA and Przewoźniak K and Mons U and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Fernández E and McNeill A and Willemsen M and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/99881},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A3},

abstract = {Population-level interventions represent the only real approach for combatting the tobacco epidemic. There is thus great importance in conducting rigorous evaluation studies of tobacco control policies and regulations such as those arising from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the European Union's 2014 Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). The ITC 6 European Countries Survey, a component of the Horizon 2020 Project entitled , was created to evaluate and impact of the TPD in six EU Member States: Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain. In each country, a cohort survey of a representative national sample of 1000 smokers was conducted. This paper describes the conceptual model, methodology, and initial survey statistics of Wave 1 of the ITC 6E Survey, which was conducted June-September 2016. The ITC 6E Survey's conceptual model, methodology, and survey instrument, were based on the broader 29-country ITC Project cohort studies, which have been conducted since 2002. The commonality of methods and measures allow a strong potential for cross-country comparisons between the 6 EU countries of the ITC 6E Project and 3 other EU countries (England, France, The Netherlands) in the ITC Project, as well as the broader set of ITC countries outside the EU.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516468,

title = {Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Hedman L and Katsaounou PA and Filippidis FT and Ravara SB and Lindberg A and Janson C and Gratziou C and Rohde G and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Fernández E and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Przewoźniak K and Tountas Y and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/102787},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A14},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Having a chronic disease either caused or worsened by tobacco smoking does not always translate into quitting smoking. Although smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions, it remains poorly implemented in healthcare settings. The aim was to examine whether smokers with chronic and respiratory diseases were more likely to receive support to quit smoking by a healthcare provider or make a quit attempt than smokers without these diseases.nnMETHODS: This population-based study included a sample of 6011 adult smokers in six European countries. The participants were interviewed face-to-face and asked questions on sociodemographic characteristics, current diagnoses for chronic diseases, healthcare visits in the last 12 months and, if so, whether they had received any support to quit smoking. Questions on smoking behavior included nicotine dependence, motivation to quit smoking and quit attempts in the last 12 months. The results are presented as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI based on logistic regression analyses.nnRESULTS: Smokers with chronic respiratory disease, those aged 55 years and older, as well as those with one or more chronic diseases were more likely to receive smoking cessation advice from a healthcare professional. Making a quit attempt in the last year was related to younger age, high educational level, higher motivation to quit, lower nicotine dependence and having received advice to quit from a healthcare professional but not with having chronic diseases. There were significant differences between countries with smokers in Romania consistently reporting more support to quit as well as quit attempts.nnCONCLUSIONS: Although smokers with respiratory disease did indeed receive smoking cessation support more often than smokers without disease, many smokers did not receive any advice or support to quit during a healthcare visit.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31363422,

title = {Quitting activity and use of cessation assistance reported by smokers in eight European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Hummel K and Nagelhout GE and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Papadakis S and Herbeć A and Mons U and van den Putte B and Borland R and Fernández E and de Vries H and McNeill A and Gravely S and Przewoźniak K and Kovacs P and Trofor AC and Willemsen MC},

doi = {10.18332/tid/98912},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

number = {Suppl 2},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is clear evidence that the use of cessation aids significantly increases the likelihood of successful smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to examine quitting activity and use of cessation aids among smokers from various European countries. Subgroup differences were also examined for sex, income, education, and age in each country.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in 2016 from 10,683 smokers in eight European countries participating in the ITC Project: England (n=3,536), Germany (n=1,003), Greece (n=1,000), Hungary (n=1,000), the Netherlands (n=1,136), Poland (n=1,006), Romania (n=1,001), and Spain (n=1,001). We measured quitting activity, including quit attempts in the previous 12 months and intention to quit, use of cessation aids (i.e., medication, quitlines, internet, local services, and e-cigarettes), and whether respondents had received advice about quitting and e-cigarettes from health professionals.nnRESULTS: Quit attempts were most common in England (46.3%) and least common in Hungary (10.4%). Quit intention was highest in England and lowest in Greece. Use of e-cigarettes to quit was highest in England (51.6%) and lowest in Spain (5.0%). Use of cessation aids was generally low across all countries; in particular this was true for quitlines, internet-based support, and local services. Receiving health professional advice to quit was highest in Romania (56.5%), and lowest in Poland (20.8%); few smokers received advice about e-cigarettes from health professionals. No clear differences were found for sex and income groups. Across countries, smokers with lower education reported less quitting activity.nnCONCLUSIONS: Quitting activity and use of cessation methods were low in most countries. Greater quit attempts and use of cessation aids were found in England, where large investments in tobacco control and smoking cessation have been made. Health professionals are important for motivating smokers to quit and promoting the effectiveness of various methods, but overall, few smokers get advice to quit.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31105981,

title = {Extent and correlates of self-reported exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in smokers: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Kahnert S and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Trofor A and Przewoźniak K and Zatónski WA and Fernández E and McNeill A and Willemsen M and Kyriakos CN and Fong GT and Vardavas C and Mons U and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/94828},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

number = {Suppl 2},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) are known to promote tobacco consumption and to discourage smoking cessation. Consequently, comprehensive TAPS bans are effective measures to reduce smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent smokers are exposed to TAPS in general, and in various media and localities, in different European countries.nnMETHODS: A Cross-sectional analysis of national representative samples of adult smokers in 2016 from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project, n=6,011), as well as England (n=3,503) and the Netherlands (n=1,213) (ITC Europe Surveys) was conducted. Prevalence of self-reported TAPS exposure is reported by country, and socio-economic correlates were investigated using logistic regression models.nnRESULTS: Self-reported exposure to TAPS varied widely among the countries, from 15.4 % in Hungary to 69.2 % in the Netherlands. In most countries, tobacco advertising was most commonly seen at the point of sale, and rarely noticed in mass media. The multivariate analysis revealed some variation in exposure to TAPS by sociodemographic factors. Age showed the greatest consistency across countries with younger smokers (18-24-year-olds) being more likely to notice TAPS than older smokers.nnCONCLUSIONS: TAPS exposure tended to be higher in countries with less restrictive regulation but was also reported in countries with more comprehensive bans, although at lower levels. The findings indicate the need for a comprehensive ban on TAPS to avoid a shift of marketing efforts to less regulated channels, and for stronger enforcement of existing bans.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516457,

title = {Characteristics and correlates of electronic cigarette product attributes and undesirable events during e-cigarette use in six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Kyriakos CN and Filippidis FT and Hitchman S and Girvalaki C and Tzavara C and Demjén T and Fernandez E and Mons U and Trofor A and Tountas Y and Zatoński M and Zatoński WA and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/93545},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A1},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study assessed characteristics and correlates associated with e-cigarette product attributes and identified correlates of experiencing undesirable events during e-cigarette use among adult smokers across six European Union (EU) Members States (MS) prior to the implementation of the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016.nnMETHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a nationally representative sample of adult cigarette smokers from six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) reporting e-cigarette use; randomly selected through a multistage cluster sampling design from June to September 2016. Stepwise logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with use of flavors, noticing health warnings, mixing e-liquids, experiencing 'dry puff', e-liquid leaking during use and e-liquid spilling during refill.nnRESULTS: Current daily or weekly prevalence of e-cigarette use among this sample of adult smokers was 7.5%. The most common attributes of e-cigarettes used included those that are flavored, contain nicotine, and are of tank style. Noticing health warnings on e-cigarette packaging and leaflets, respectively, was low (10.2% and 28%, respectively). Use of e-liquid refill nozzle caps, described as easy for a child to open, was associated with spilling during refill (OR=6.73; 95% CI: 2.02-22.37). Participants who adjusted occasionally or regularly the power (voltage) or temperature of their e-cigarette had greater odds of ever experiencing a 'dry puff' (OR=6.01; 95% CI: 2.68-13.46). Mixing different e-liquids was associated with leaking during use (OR=7.78; 95% CI: 2.45-24.73) and spilling during refill (OR=8.54; 95% CI: 2.29-31.88).nnCONCLUSIONS: Ongoing evaluation of factors associated with e-cigarette attributes and of the correlates of experiencing e-cigarette undesirable events during use, related to product design, is crucial to monitoring the impact of the implementing Acts of the EU TPD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516409,

title = {Associations of e-cigarette experimentation with support for tobacco control policies in the European Union, 2012-2014},

author = {Laverty AA and Filippidis FT and Fernandez E and Vardavas CI},

doi = {10.18332/tid/84865},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {09},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There are limited data on the potential effects of e-cigarette experimentation on support for tobacco control policies. To bridge this gap, we assessed associations between e-cigarette experimentation and support for tobacco control policies in the European Union 2012-2014. We also investigated variations across tobacco-use status, e-cigarette experimentation and socio-demographic characteristics.nnMETHODS: Datasets were used from the Special Eurobarometer for Tobacco surveys performed in 2012 (n=26 751) and 2014 (n=27 801). Tobacco control policies assessed were: banning advertising, policies to keep tobacco out of sight, banning online sales, banning flavors, standardized packaging, tax increases, and policies to reduce illicit trade in tobacco. We use multilevel logistic regression models to assess variations in socio-demographics and tobacco/e-cigarette use with support for these policies in 2014, and examined changes in support for these policies, between 2012 and 2014, separately by tobacco-use status (never, current, and former smokers).nnRESULTS: Population support for tobacco control policies was high in 2014: policies to reduce illicit trade had the highest level of support at 70.1%, while tax increases were the least likely measure to be supported with 52.3% support. Among never and former smokers, experimentation with e-cigarettes was associated with reduced support for all tobacco control policies assessed. For example, never smokers who had experimented with e-cigarettes were less likely to support either tobacco advertising bans (adjusted odds ratio aOR=0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.71) or standardized packaging for tobacco (aOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.47-0.71). Former smokers who had experimented with e-cigarettes were less likely to either support standardized packaging for tobacco (aOR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82) or keeping tobacco out of sight (aOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90). Among current smokers, e-cigarette experimentation was not associated with support for the tobacco control policies assessed.nnCONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette experimentation was consistently associated with reduced support for tobacco control policies among never and former smokers but not among current smokers. The implications of these findings for tobacco control are unknown, but the data support concerns that e-cigarette experimentation may affect public support for established tobacco control policies within specific subgroups. Further research is needed to assess potential long-term impacts on tobacco control policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516414,

title = {Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain},

author = {López MJ and Arechavala T and Continente X and Schiaffino A and Pérez-Ríos M and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tid/85717},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {14},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Children are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of secondhand smoke (SHS). The objectives of this study are to describe SHS exposure of children younger than 12 years in Spain and to identify potential social inequalities associated with SHS exposure.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the population younger than 12 years in Spain. A computer-assisted telephone interview was conducted with parents or legal guardians in 2016, to assess the children's SHS exposure at home, in the car, at school and at the nursery gates, in public transport, and during leisure time. The socio-demographic variables included were the child's age and sex, the highest educational attainment at home, and occupational social class. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for SHS exposure in each setting and for overall exposure.nnRESULTS: In all, 71.8% of the children were exposed to SHS: 25.8% were exposed at home, 4.6% in the car, 8.2% in public transport, 31.9% at outdoor nursery or school gates, and 48% during leisure time. The higher the educational attainment at home, the lower the exposure (38.8% for primary school or lower, 28.7% for secondary school and 20.8% university level). The more deprived the social class, the higher the exposure (21.7% class I-II, 23.4% class III-IV and 31.1% class V-VII). SHS exposure in cars and overall exposure also decreased with higher educational achievement.nnCONCLUSIONS: In Spain, a large proportion of children are still exposed to SHS. Furthermore, there are clear social inequalities. To reduce SHS exposure, there is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions with an equity perspective.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29398107,

title = {Impact of an online training program in hospital workers' smoking cessation interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay},

author = {Martínez C and Castellano Y and Company A and Guillen O and Margalef M and Alicia Arrien M and Sánchez C and Cáceres P and Barnoya J and Fernández E and Group of hospital coordinators in the Fruitful study project},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.020},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {32},

number = {3},

pages = {236--243},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in hospital workers' interventions before and after online training.nnMETHOD: Pre-post evaluation of the self-reported performance of the 5A's by hospital workers from the three organizations involved. We assessed individual, behavioural, and organisational-level factors through a questionnaire that included 43 items (0 = none to 10 = most possible) completed before and 6 months after the training. Medians and interquartile ranges were calculated. To examine changes, the non-parametric test for paired data (Wilcoxon) was used.nnRESULTS: 202 professionals (76 in Bolivia, 79 in Guatemala, and 47 in Paraguay) finished the course, of these 99 (28, 42, and 29 respectively) completed both questionnaires before and after the training. Overall, there was an increase in the performance of each of the 5A components [Ask (7 to 9): Advise (7 to 9); Assess (6 to 8); Assist (2 to 7); and Arrange a follow up (0.52 to 5); all p <0.001]. Doctors, former smokers, and those from Paraguay obtained higher scores. The level of perception of the participants degree of preparedness, level of competence and familiarity with resources increased (p <0.001).nnCONCLUSION: The online training had a positive impact on the implementation of the brief intervention. Online education on smoking cessation is feasible and effective in improving smoking cessation interventions in these countries.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516433,

title = {Smoking among hospitalized patients: A multi-hospital cross-sectional study of a widely neglected problem},

author = {Martínez C and Fu M and Castellano Y and Riccobene A and Fernández P and Cabrera S and Gavilan E and Feliu A and Puig-Llobet M and Fuster P and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Montes J and Estrada JM and Moreno C and Falcó-Pegueroles A and Galimany J and Brando C and Suñer-Soler R and Capsada A and Fernández E and y Grupo de Coordinadores de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo (XCHsF)},

doi = {10.18332/tid/92927},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {34},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A comprehensive smoking ban was recently enacted for acute-care hospital campuses in Spain. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and patterns of smoking among inpatients before and during hospitalization.nnMETHODS: Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 hospitals in the province of Barcelona, Spain from May 2014 to May 2015. Participants were adults who provided informed consent. The sample size was calculated to be representative of each hospital (prevalence 29.4%, precision ± 5%, error 5%). We approached 1228 subjects, 888 accepted to participate and 170 were replaced (were not available or declined to participate). Final sample comprised 1047 subjects. We used a computer-assisted personal interview system to collect data, including sociodemographic variables and use of tobacco before and during hospitalization. Smoking status was validated with exhaled carbon monoxide. We calculated overall tobacco prevalence and investigated associations with participant and center characteristics. We performed multiple polytomous and multilevel logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustments for potential confounders.nnRESULTS: In all, 20.5% (95% CI: 18.1-23.0) of hospitalized patients were smokers. Smoking was most common among men (aOR=7.47; 95% CI: 4.88-11.43), young age groups (18-64 years), and individuals with primary or less than primary education (aOR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.44-5.28). Of the smokers, 97.2% were daily consumers of whom 44.9% had medium nicotine dependence. Of all smokers, three-quarters expressed a wish to quit, and one-quarter admitted to consuming tobacco during hospitalization.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the need to offer smoking cessation interventions among hospitalized patients in all units and service areas, to avoid infringements and increase patient safety, hospital efficiency, and improve clinical outcomes. Hospitalization represents a promising window for initiating smoking interventions addressed to all patients admitted to smoke-free hospitals, specially after applying a smoke-free campus ban.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516428,

title = {Conflicts of interest in research on electronic cigarettes},

author = {Martínez C and Fu M and Galán I and Pérez-Rios M and Martínez-Sánchez JM and López MJ and Sureda X and Montes A and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tid/90668},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {28},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The tobacco control community has raised some concerns about whether studies on electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) published in scientific journals hide conflicts of interest (COI) and whether such reports are biased. This study assessed potential COI in the e-cigarette scientific literature.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted on e-cigarette publications indexed in PubMed up to August 2014. We extracted information about the authors (affiliations, location, etc.), publication characteristics (type, topic, subject, etc.), results and conclusions, presence of a COI statement, and funding by and/or financial ties to pharmaceutical, tobacco, and/or e-cigarette companies. An algorithm to determine the COI disclosure status was created based on the information in the publication. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associations with COI disclosure, controlling for several independent variables.nnRESULTS: Of the 404 publications included in the analysis, 37.1% (n=150) had no COI disclosure statement, 38.6% declared no COI, 13.4% declared potential COI with pharmaceutical companies, 3.0% with tobacco companies, and 10.6% with e-cigarette companies. The conclusions in publications with COI, which were mainly tied to pharmaceutical companies, were more likely to be favourable to e-cigarette use (PR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.43-3.46). Publications that supported the use of e-cigarettes for both harm reduction (PR=1.81; 95%CI: 1.14-2.89) and smoking cessation (PR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.26-3.23) were more likely to have conclusions that were favourable to e-cigarettes.nnCONCLUSIONS: One-third of the publications reporting studies on e-cigarettes did not have a COI disclosure statement, and this proportion was even higher in news articles, editorials and other types of publications. Papers with conclusions that were favourable to e-cigarette use were more likely to have COI. Journal editors and reviewers should consider evaluating publications, including funding sources, to determine whether the results and conclusions may be biased.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516461,

title = {Impact of anti-smoking advertising on health-risk knowledge and quit attempts across 6 European countries from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey},

author = {Nogueira SO and McNeill A and Fu M and Kyriakos CN and Mons U and Fernández E and Zatoński WA and Trofor AC and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Przewoźniak K and Quah ACK and Fong GT and Hitchman SC and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/96251},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A5},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Exposure to anti-smoking advertising and its effects differ across countries. This study examines the reported exposure to anti-smoking advertising among smokers and its relation to knowledge of smoking harms and quit attempts in six European countries.nnMETHODS: Data come from Wave 1 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) 6 European Country (6E) Survey (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) carried out among smokers between June and September 2016 (n=6011). Key measures included whether participants had noticed anti-smoking advertising in the last six months in 6 different channels, their knowledge of 13 adverse smoking/second-hand smoking health effects and if they had made at least one quit attempt in the last 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were used in the analysis.nnRESULTS: Across the six countries, only 35.2% of smokers reported being exposed to any anti-smoking advertising. Television was the most common channel identified (25.7%), followed by newspapers and magazines (13.8%), while social media were the least reported (9.5%). Participants 18-24 years old were significantly more likely to have noticed advertisements on the Internet than participants >55 years old (24.3% vs 4.9%; OR=5.15). Participants exposed to anti-smoking advertising in all six channels were twice more likely to have a higher knowledge of smoking risks than those not exposed (2.4% vs 97.6%, respectively; OR=2.49). The likelihood of making a quit attempt was increased by 10% for each additional channel through which smokers were exposed to anti-smoking advertising.nnCONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of health risks of smoking tended to be higher in countries that aired a campaign in recent years. Exposure to anti-smoking advertising, in the six channels combined, was related to higher smoking knowledge of risks and to more quit attempts. Future anti-smoking mass media campaigns should consider advertising in all dissemination channels to increase the awareness of the dangers of smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516455,

title = {Multimodal treatment for smoking cessation with varenicline in alcoholic, methadone-maintained, and psychotic patients: A one-year follow-up},

author = {Raich A and Pinet C and Ballbè M and Mondon S and Tejedor R and Arnau A and Fernández E and Tobacco Group of the Catalan Network for Addiction Treatment},

doi = {10.18332/tid/99541},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {58},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in smokers in the general population and, to a lesser extent, among the psychiatric population. However, few studies have evaluated varenicline in patients with other addictions. The present study was conducted to assess outcomes of a multimodal treatment for smoking cessation intervention with varenicline in a sample of alcohol and substance use disorders and patients with psychotic disorders.nnMETHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter study. The patient sample comprised alcoholics in remission, methadone-maintained patients, and patients with psychotic disorders, all of whom wanted to stop smoking. All participants received multimodal treatment for smoking cessation therapy (psychological therapy plus varenicline). Smoking abstinence and changes in the psychopathological state of patients were assessed at predefined time points during a 12-month follow-up. The probability of tobacco abstinence after one year of treatment was computed using Kaplan-Meier life tables.nnRESULTS: The probability of abstinence at one year was 0.225 (95% CI: 0.1430-0.319). By group, the probabilities were as follows: patients with psychotic disorders 0.254 (95% CI: 0.118-0.415); alcoholics 0.237 (95% CI: 0.098-0.409); and methadone-maintained patients 0.177 (95% CI: 0.065-0.335). Patients with previous quit attempts had a higher probability of achieving abstinence at one year (p<0.01).nnCONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the use of multimodal treatment with varenicline in patients with alcohol addiction in remission, patients on methadone maintenance, and patients with stable psychotic disorders. Previous smoking cessation attempts were predictive of smoking cessation success in these patients.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516458,

title = {Study Protocol of European Regulatory Science on Tobacco (EUREST-PLUS): Policy implementation to reduce lung disease},

author = {Vardavas CI and Bécuwe N and Demjén T and Fernández E and McNeill A and Mons U and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Tsatsakis A and Rohde G and Willemsen M and Przewozniak K and Zatonski WA and Fong GT and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/93305},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A2},

abstract = {Efforts to mitigate the devastation of tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality in the European Union (EU) are founded on its newly adopted Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) along with the first-ever health treaty, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The aim of this Horizon 2020 Project entitled  is to monitor and evaluate the impact of the implementation of the TPD across the EU, within the context of WHO FCTC ratification. To address this aim, EUREST-PLUS consists of four objectives: 1) To create a cohort study of 6000 adult smokers in six EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) within a pre-TID vs post-TPD implementation study design; 2) To conduct secondary dataset analyses of the Special Eurobarometer on Tobacco Survey (SETS); 3) To document changes in e-cigarette product parameters (technical design, labelling/packaging and chemical composition) pre-TID vs post-TPD; and 4) To enhance innovative joint research collaborations on chronic non-communicable diseases. Through this methodological approach, EUREST-PLUS is designed to generate strong inferences about the effectiveness of tobacco control policies, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms and factors by which policy implementation translates to population impact. Findings from EUREST-PLUS have potential global implications for the implementation of innovative tobacco control policies and its impact on the prevention of lung diseases.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31516460,

title = {Characterising smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes, their attitudes towards tobacco regulation, and the anticipated impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on their smoking and quitting behaviours: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Zatoński M and Herbeć A and Zatoński W and Przewoźniak K and Janik-Koncewicz K and Mons U and Fong GT and Demjén T and Tountas Y and Trofor AC and Fernández E and McNeil A and Willemsen M and Hummel K and Quah ACK and Kyriakos CN and Vardavas CI and EUREST-PLUS consortium},

doi = {10.18332/tid/96294},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {A4},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Little research exists on the sociodemographic characteristics of menthol and flavoured cigarette (MFC) smokers in Europe. This study assessed the proportion of MFC smokers in Europe, their sociodemographic characteristics, and their attitudes towards tobacco control measures.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in 2016 among 10760 adult current smokers from 8 European countries (ITC Europe Project and EUREST-PLUS). Smokers of menthol, other flavoured, unflavoured tobacco, or no usual brand were compared on sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes towards a range of tobacco control measures (e.g. ban on flavouring), and on intentions regarding their smoking behaviour following the ban on flavoured tobacco. Data were analysed in SPSS Complex Samples Package using univariate analyses.nnRESULTS: Among the respondents, 7.4% smoked menthol cigarettes and 2.9% other flavoured tobacco, but large differences existed between countries (e.g. 0.4% smokers smoked menthol cigarettes in Spain vs 12.4% in England). Compared to other groups, menthol cigarette smokers were younger, more likely to be female, better educated, had higher household income, and smoked fewer cigarettes (all p<0.001). A quarter of menthol smokers supported a ban on additives, compared with almost half of all other smokers (p<0.001). In case of a ban on flavourings, around a fifth of all MFC smokers intended to switch to another brand, and a third to reduce the amount they smoked or to quit smoking, but there was no consistent pattern across MFC smokers among the countries.nnCONCLUSIONS: The ban on flavourings introduced by the EU Tobacco Products Directive (extended to 2020 for menthols) will affect one in ten smokers in the countries surveyed, which provides an opportunity for targeting these groups with cessation programmes. However, smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes in the different European countries are a heterogeneous group and may need different approaches.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29621354,

title = {Identifying high-risk individuals for lung cancer screening: Going beyond NLST criteria},

author = {Fu M and Travier N and Martín-Sánchez JC and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Vidal C and Garcia M and LUCAPREV research group},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0195441},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {13},

number = {4},

pages = {e0195441},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are two main types of strategies to identify target population for lung cancer screening: 1) strategies based on age and cumulative smoking criteria, 2) risk prediction models allowing the calculation of an individual risk. The objective of this study was to compare different strategies to identify the proportion of the Spanish population at high risk of developing lung cancer, susceptible to be included in a lung cancer screening programme.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study. We used the data of the Spanish National Interview Health Survey (ENSE) of 2011-2012 (21,006 individuals) to estimate the proportion of participants at high risk of developing lung cancer. This estimation was performed using the U.S. national lung screening trial (NLST) criteria and a 6-year prediction model (PLCOm2012), both independently and in combination.nnRESULTS: The prevalence of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer according to the NLST criteria was 4.9% (7.9% for men, 2.4% for women). Among the 1,034 subjects who met the NLST criteria, 533 (427 men and 106 women) had a 6-year lung cancer risk ≥2.0%. The combination of these two selection strategies showed that 2.5% of the Spanish population had a high risk of developing lung cancer. However, this selection process did not take into account different groups of subjects <75 years old having an individual risk of lung cancer ≥2%, such as heavy smokers <55 years old who were long-time former smokers, and ever-smokers having smoked <30 pack-years with other risk factors.nnCONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine which selection strategy achieves a higher benefit/harm ratio and to assess other prevention strategies for individuals with elevated risk for lung cancer but who do not meet the screening eligibility criteria.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid29102505,

title = {Validity of self-reported intensity of exposure to second-hand smoke at home against environmental and personal markers},

author = {Martínez-Sánchez JM and González-Marrón A and Martín-Sánchez JC and Sureda X and Fu M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Lidón-Moyano C and Galán I and Pascual JA and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.08.002},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {32},

number = {4},

pages = {393--395},

abstract = {The objective of this study was to assess the validity of two questions about the perception of intensity of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home using as a reference environmental markers (airborne nicotine and benzene) and biomarkers of exposure (cotinine in saliva and urine). This was a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 49 non-smoking volunteers. We found a high correlation between self-reported SHS exposure and airborne nicotine (r=0.806, p<0.05), salivary cotinine (r=0.752, p<0.05), and urinary cotinine (r=0.626, p<0.05). We did not find differences between the score question and the conventional ones (p >0.05). In conclusion, the significant correlation of the two questions proposed with environmental markers and personal markers indicates their potential validity to assess exposure to SHS at home.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}