{"id":8215,"date":"2022-03-08T09:42:01","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T08:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/?post_type=portfolio&p=8215\/"},"modified":"2024-11-19T09:51:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T08:51:11","slug":"sfh","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/portfolio\/sfh\/","title":{"rendered":"Efectivitat d\u2019una intervenci\u00f3 basada en l\u2019evid\u00e8ncia per promoure llars sense fum de tabac: assaig controlat aleatoritzat."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Antecedents<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El fum ambiental de tabac (FAT) \u00e9s una barreja de fum exhalat per un fumador i fum de l’extrem enc\u00e8s d’una cigarreta. L’exposici\u00f3 al FAT \u00e9s un problema de salut p\u00fablica important perqu\u00e8 causa diverses malalties potencialment mortals, com s\u00f3n, el c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3, l\u2019accident vascular cerebral (AVC), la malaltia pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f2nica (MPOC) i la cardiopatia isqu\u00e8mica en adults. A m\u00e9s, els nens i les nenes exposades al FAT tenen m\u00e9s risc de patir la s\u00edndrome de mort sobtada del lactant (SMSL), infeccions respirat\u00f2ries agudes, otitis mitjana i asma greu. Si b\u00e9 el tabaquisme i l’exposici\u00f3 al fum ambiental del tabac a la majoria dels llocs p\u00fablics s’ha redu\u00eft gr\u00e0cies a les regulacions lliures de fum, l’exposici\u00f3 al FAT en llocs privats, com son les llars, continua essent  freq\u00fcent i representa un important repte de salut p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Actualment, a Espanya, es permet fumar dins de la llar, cosa que resulta en un percentatge molt alt de fumadors que ho fan dins de la seva llar i en una alta c\u00e0rrega d\u2019exposici\u00f3 al FAT tant pels adults com pels infants. A m\u00e9s, aquesta situaci\u00f3 s\u2019ha vist agreujada amb les mesures de restricci\u00f3 de la COVID-19. A Espanya, no s’ofereix suport integral i sistem\u00e0tic a nivell nacional o local  a les persones que volen crear llars lliures de fum, que representa una mancan\u00e7a significativa per part dels serveis de prevenci\u00f3 de la salut. Per tant, hi ha una necessitat important d’introduir les intervencions eficaces i oferir-les a la poblaci\u00f3 espanyola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Objectius<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019objectiu principal <\/u>del projecte \u00e9s avaluar l\u2019efectivitat d\u2019una intervenci\u00f3 basada en l\u2019evid\u00e8ncia per tal de crear llars lliures de fum en llars amb nens i nenes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els objectius espec\u00edfics s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Adaptar i provar la viabilitat d\u2019una intervenci\u00f3 basada en l\u2019evid\u00e8ncia per tal de promoure llars lliures de fum del tabac en el context espanyol entre llars amb nens i nenes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Avaluar l’efectivitat a mitj\u00e0 termini (als 3 i als 6 mesos despr\u00e9s de l’inici) de la intervenci\u00f3 en termes de prohibicions totals de fumar i d\u2019una disminuci\u00f3 de l’exposici\u00f3 al FAT a les llars amb nens i nenes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Caracteritzar els factors socioecon\u00f2mics tant individuals com de context que impacten en l’efectivitat de la intervenci\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Determinar l\u2019efectivitat de la intervenci\u00f3 considerant els moderadors demogr\u00e0fics i els factors relacionats amb el tabaquisme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Analitzar la implementaci\u00f3 de la intervenci\u00f3 en termes d\u2019adopci\u00f3, abast, fidelitat i altres indicadors d\u2019implementaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Metodologia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Realitzarem un assaig controlat aleatoritzat (estudi h\u00edbrid tipus 2). La poblaci\u00f3 diana d\u2019aquesta intervenci\u00f3 s\u00f3n les fam\u00edlies amb nens i nenes (\u226412 anys) i almenys un fumador que permetin fumar a la llar i que resideixin a l\u2019\u00c0rea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Els participants a l\u2019assaig seran assignats aleat\u00f2riament al grup intervenci\u00f3 (GI, 201 fam\u00edlies) i al grup control (GC, 201 fam\u00edlies). Reclutarem els participants partint de  les associacions de fam\u00edlies d’alumnes d’escoles prim\u00e0ries de l’\u00c0rea Metropolitana de Barcelona. La intervenci\u00f3 que avaluarem va estar desenvolupada per l\u2019equip del Projecte \u201cSmoke-Free Homes\u201d<\/a> de la Escola de Salut Publica de Rollins, Universitat d\u2019Emory. <\/span>La intervenci\u00f3<\/span> est\u00e0 organitzada en 5 passos (Decidir; Parlar; Triar una data; Adoptar el canvi; i Seguir aix\u00ed) i es realitza durant 6 setmanes en intervals de 2 setmanes (primer enviament dels materials, trucada d’assessoria i dos enviaments m\u00e9s). La intervenci\u00f3 es lliurar\u00e0 \u00fanicament al GI. Els participants del GC rebran un breu consell (tr\u00edptic) sobre llars lliures de fum. Tots els participants proporcionaran el consentiment informat abans de l’aleatoritzaci\u00f3. Les dades sobre l’efectivitat de la intervenci\u00f3 i la implementaci\u00f3 es recopilaran al comen\u00e7ament, als 3 mesos i als 6 despr\u00e9s del lliurament de la intervenci\u00f3. El resultat primari de l’efic\u00e0cia de la intervenci\u00f3 que es mesurar\u00e0 \u00e9s la prevalen\u00e7a de llars amb prohibici\u00f3 total de fumar durant els seguiments (autoreportat). Resultats secundaris: nivell d’exposici\u00f3 al fum ambiental del tabac en els seguiments (nicotina a l’aire i autoreportada). El proc\u00e9s d\u2019implementaci\u00f3 l\u2019avaluarem  mitjan\u00e7ant el model RE-AIM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Durada<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gener 2022- Juny 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fina\u00e7ament<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Subvenci\u00f3 PI21\/00818, AES-ISCIII (114.950,00\u20ac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Equip investigador<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Esteve Fern\u00e1ndez<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Olena Tigova<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yolanda Castellano <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laura Ant\u00f3n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dolors Carnicer-Pont<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Angelina Gonz\u00e1lez (Public Health Agency of Catalonia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carmen Cab\u00e9zas (Public Health Agency of Catalonia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Investigadors col\u00b7laboradors<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cristina Mart\u00ednez<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Armando Peruga<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Maria Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez (Public Health Agency of Barcelona)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Michelle Kegler (Emory University)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0141ucja Bundy (Emory University)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Shad\u00e9 Owolabi (Emory University)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Antecedents El fum ambiental de tabac (FAT) \u00e9s una barreja de fum exhalat per un fumador i fum de l’extrem enc\u00e8s d’una cigarreta. L’exposici\u00f3 al FAT \u00e9s un problema de salut p\u00fablica important perqu\u00e8 causa diverses malalties potencialment mortals, com s\u00f3n, el c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3, l\u2019accident vascular cerebral (AVC), la malaltia pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f2nica (MPOC) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":9984,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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El fum ambiental de tabac (FAT) \u00e9s una barreja de fum exhalat per un fumador i fum de l’extrem enc\u00e8s d’una cigarreta. L’exposici\u00f3 al FAT \u00e9s un problema de salut p\u00fablica important perqu\u00e8 causa diverses malalties potencialment mortals, com s\u00f3n, el c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3, l\u2019accident vascular cerebral (AVC), la malaltia pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f2nica (MPOC)…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8215"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11779,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8215\/revisions\/11779"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=8215"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icoprevencio.cat\/uct\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tag?post=8215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}