@article{pmid38944617,

title = {Incidence and Determinants of COVID-19 Among People Who Smoke (2018-2021): Findings From the ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Surveys},

author = {Carnicer-Pont D and Fu M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Driezen P and Quah ACK and Kaai SC and Soriano JB and Vardavas CI and Fong GT and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2024.05.037},

issn = {1579-2129},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-01},

journal = {Arch Bronconeumol},

volume = {60},

number = {11},

pages = {690--697},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and its determinants among a nationally representative sample of adults from Spain who smoke.nnMETHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that uses data from two waves (Wave 2 in 2018 and Wave 3 in 2021) of the ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey. At baseline (Wave 1 in 2016), all respondents were adults (aged ≥18) who smoked. In total, 1008 respondents participated in Wave 2, and 570 out of 888 eligible participants were followed up in Wave 3 (64.2%). We estimated the cumulative incidence and the relative risk of COVID-19 (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) during follow-up using self-reported information on sociodemographic, smoking-related and health-related characteristics and identified associated factors using multivariable Poisson models with robust variance adjusted for the independent variables.nnRESULTS: The overall cumulative incidence of self-reported COVID-19 was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.9-8.0%), with no significant differences between males (6.3%; 95% CI: 3.6-9.0%) and females (5.6%; 95% CI: 3.2-8.0%). After adjusting for age, sex, and educational level, COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with moderate nicotine dependence (RR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04-5.40) and negatively associated with having a partner who smoked (RR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.42), and having friends but not a partner who smoked (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.56).nnCONCLUSION: The correlates of having had COVID-19 among people who smoke should be considered when tailoring information and targeted non-pharmacological preventive measures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38288784,

title = {Quitline nurses' experiences in providing telephone-based smoking cessation help to mental health patients: A mixed methods study},

author = {Rosa N and Feliu A and Ballbè M and Alaustre L and Vilalta E and Torres N and Nieva G and Pla M and Pinet C and Raich A and Mondon S and Barrio P and Andreu M and Suelves JM and Vilaplana J and Enríquez M and Castellano Y and Guydish J and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1111/jpm.13012},

issn = {1365-2850},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-01},

journal = {J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs},

volume = {31},

number = {5},

pages = {755--766},

abstract = {WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Quitlines are known to be effective in helping people quit smoking, including those with mental health conditions. It is particularly important to address smoking in this population as the prevalence of smoking ranges from 40% to 75%. However, professionals working in quitlines often face barriers due to their limited training and resources to effectively support these smokers quit, especially if they are not mental health professionals. Therefore, training programmes should be developed to enhance their knowledge and skills in providing smoking cessation support to this vulnerable population. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The '061 QUIT-MENTAL study' evaluated the efficacy of a proactive telephone-based intervention for smoking cessation among smokers with severe mental health disorders. Conducted through a quitline service in Catalonia, Spain, the study focused on training non-mental health specialized nurses and other health professionals to provide evidence-based interventions for promoting smoking cessation among individuals with mental health disorders. The objective of this study is to assess the changes in nurses' knowledge and readiness to treat smokers with mental health conditions, while also capturing their insights and perceptions regarding the facilitators and barriers to providing smoking cessation interventions. The training and insights of the nurses were integral to conducting this research and providing valuable information for the future sustainability of such interventions. This is particularly important as quitlines hold the potential to offer cessation support to these patients at the community level. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: While the training programme was successful in improving non-mental health specialized nurses' knowledge and motivation skills to help patients with mental health disorders quit smoking, they encountered obstacles in delivering this intervention over the phone. These difficulties were mainly due to challenges in reaching participants and delivering the intervention as detailed in the protocol. The study highlights the need of reducing barriers for providers in attending to these patients, particularly if they are non-mental health specialized professionals. By minimizing the stigmatization associated with caring for mentally ill individuals and promoting coordination with specialists, innovative approaches may be introduced to alleviate the burden of tobacco-related diseases among this population. ABSTRACT: Introduction The viewpoint of those who implement a programme for the first time is crucial for understanding its impact and ensuring its long-term viability. The 061 QUIT-MENTAL study was a pragmatic randomized controlled trial evaluating a proactive telephone-based intervention addressed to mental health patients conducted by non-psychiatric specialized nurses. Aim We assessed nurses' knowledge of smoking cessation interventions addressed to this population before and after receiving training and their insights after delivering the intervention. Method Mixed methods study: (1) Pre-post evaluation to assess self-reported knowledge, self-efficacy and opinions about smoking cessation. (2) In-depth interviews with key nurses to ascertain their perceptions regarding the impact of the training received in delivering the study intervention. Results The training enhanced nurses' knowledge of psychological and pharmacological resources to aid these patients, as well as their ability to increase their motivation to quit. However, nurses reported difficulties in delivering population-based interventions to individuals with mental health disorders. These challenges primarily arose from participants being hard to reach, exhibiting low motivation to quit, struggling to comprehend instructions or follow recommendations, and nurses feeling unsure about their capacity to assist individuals with mental illnesses in quitting, despite the training they received. Discussion Despite the training and protocol designed to facilitate the delivery of the intervention, nurses faced difficulties in providing population-based interventions to individuals with mental health disorders. Implications for Practice Future quitline programmes aimed at the population with mental health disorders should strive to reduce barriers for providers in attending to these patients, particularly if they are non-mental health specialized professionals. By minimizing the stigmatization associated with caring for mentally ill individuals and promoting coordination with specialists, innovative approaches may be introduced to alleviate the burden of tobacco-related diseases among this population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39308778,

title = {More or less "modest" versus significant excess mortality due to COVID-19 deaths in Europe},

author = {Soriano JB and Peláez A and Lumbreras S and Fernández E and Ancochea J},

doi = {10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101060},

issn = {2666-7762},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-01},

journal = {Lancet Reg Health Eur},

volume = {45},

pages = {101060},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39298750,

title = {Patterns of Use and Withdrawal Syndrome in Dual Cannabis and Tobacco Users (DuCATA_GAM-CAT): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study},

author = {Saura J and Feliu A and Enríquez-Mestre M and Fu M and Ballbè M and Castellano Y and Pla M and Rosa N and Radeva P and Maestre-González E and Cabezas C and Colom J and Suelves JM and Mondon S and Barrio P and Andreu M and Raich A and Bernabeu J and Vilaplana J and Roca Tutusaus X and Guydish J and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.2196/58335},

issn = {1929-0748},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

journal = {JMIR Res Protoc},

volume = {13},

pages = {e58335},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Approximately 1 in 6 cannabis users develop a cannabis use disorder (CUD) and the odds increase to 1 in 2 for daily users.nnOBJECTIVE: The Dual use of Cannabis and Tobacco Monitoreing through a Gamified Web app (DuCATA_GAM-CaT) project aims to identify cannabis-tobacco patterns of use and withdrawal symptoms among individuals with CUD who are attending substance abuse programs.nnMETHODS: The project uses a mixed methods approach consisting of 3 studies. First, a participatory qualitative study involves focus groups comprising individuals with CUD, clinicians, project researchers, and an expert gamification company to co-design a gamified web app. Second, a longitudinal prospective study to follow up individuals over 6 weeks with CUD attending substance abuse programs . Participants report their cannabis-tobacco usage patterns, type and frequency of tobacco use, nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, psychoemotional factors, and motivation to quit both substances. Predictive analysis techniques are used to analyze clinical, demographic, psychological, and environmental data to predict the probability of achieving abstinence. Third, homogeneous focus groups to explore participants' experiences during their CUD treatment.nnRESULTS: By June 2024, the project had completed the first study, defining eligible cannabis user profiles, developed the initial web app prototype, and initiated recruitment across 10 centers, with 74 participants enrolled, aiming to reach 150 participants in total.nnCONCLUSIONS: All participants are required to provide informed consent, and their information is kept confidential and anonymized following confidentiality rules. The research team is committed to disseminating the results obtained to professional and patient groups, as well as informing public health agents, to positively influence political and social decision makers and design programmers. Additionally, we aim to prioritize the publication of the results in high-impact journals specialized in drug abuse, public health, and health care services research.nnTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05512091; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05512091.nnINTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/58335.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36975072,

title = {Training mental health residents in tobacco and alcohol: Relationship with their clinical intervention},

author = {Mondon S and Raich A and Martí C and Fernández E and Ballbè M and La Red Catalana de Hospitales Sin Humo GTTYSM},

doi = {10.20882/adicciones.1837},

issn = {0214-4840},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

journal = {Adicciones},

volume = {36},

number = {3},

pages = {277--286},

abstract = {The objective of this study is to describe how mental health professionals in training (residents) apply the brief intervention (5As) on the tobacco and alcohol consumption to their patients, and if this is related to the training received and/or their own consumption. This is a cross-sectional study in which a self-reported questionnaire was administered to first-year residents of mental health professionals in Catalonia (2016-2019) (psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses). We performed a descriptive analysis of the variables and we applied a chi-square test for the comparison of proportions. 154 professionals completed the questionnaire. Half of them had not received any university training on intervention in smoking (46.8%) or in alcohol consumption (53.2%). Those who had received it, advised, assessed and helped their patients to quit smoking more frequently (p = 0.008, p = 0.037 and p = 0.039; respectively). Those who had received training in alcohol intervention gave advice, performed assessments and offered help to quit/reduce alcohol among their patients more frequently (p < 0,001; p = 0,001; y p < 0,001; respectively). Residents usually helped more to quit or reduce alcohol than to quit tobacco (p < 0,001). 60.1% of them never or rarely helped their patients to stop smoking and 34.6% rarely helped in the case of alcohol. In general, nurses did more intervention for tobacco than alcohol use, regardless of the training received. The lack of training of professionals in tobacco and alcohol intervention at university is related to a lack of intervention on patients in their professional practice, regardless of their own consumption.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38916135,

title = {Improving tobacco cessation interventions in hospitals: Pre-post evaluation of an innovative health systems intervention in Catalonia (Spain)},

author = {Martínez C and Feliu A and Enriquez M and Antón L and Castellano Y and Company A and Romero O and Ripoll R and Ruz A and Papadakis S and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1093/tbm/ibae016},

issn = {1613-9860},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

journal = {Transl Behav Med},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

pages = {549--560},

abstract = {This study measured changes in healthcare professionals' (HCPs) performance in tobacco cessation intervention before and 6 months after a health system intervention. The intervention involved exposure to online training for staff and the implementation of a structured organizational change-level practice model that included some strategies, comprising establishing tobacco cessation steering groups with champions in each hospital, developing tailored protocols and guidelines within each organization, conducting on-site workshops for clinicians, and creating posters and pocket materials summarizing the intervention. Pre-post evaluation in four hospitals in Barcelona province (Catalonia, Spain). We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational factors (KABO) and the performance of each of the components of the 5As Model for Treating Tobacco Use according to a scale from 0 ("Never") to 10 ("Always") among HCPs. We performed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for paired samples and assessed changes in performance by performing linear regression. A total of 255 HCPs completed the pre-post evaluation. All components of the 5As Model increased, with "Assist" and "Arrange a follow-up" showing the greatest improvement. Several KABO dimensions significantly increased, including individual skills (mean score: 3.3-5.7, P < .001), attitudes and beliefs (4.8-5.4, P < .001), individual commitment (5.9-6.6, P < .001), and perception of having positive organizational support (4.3-4.7, P < .001). An increase in each point in individual skills and support of the organization was associated with increased rates of 5As delivery, with the greatest associations found for "Assist" (0.60 and 0.17, respectively) and "Arrange a follow-up" (0.71 and 0.18, respectively). The intervention was successful in increasing HCPs individual skills, attitudes and beliefs, individual commitment, and perception of having positive organizational support and the performance of all components of the 5As. Future research should focus on strategies that promote organizational support, a dimension that is essential to increasing Assist and Arrange, which were less implemented at baseline.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38804329,

title = {[What does Harm Reduction in Tobacco Use means to Public Health]},

author = {Ayesta J and Peruga A and Rebollar A and Rey N and Zamorano A and Verdejo S and Panero J and Doncel JC and Martín A and Pérez-Sacristán EM},

issn = {2173-9110},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-01},

journal = {Rev Esp Salud Publica},

volume = {98},

abstract = {Harm reduction is a classic Public Health concept to refer to the reduction of the negative effect of drug use/abuse with a focus on justice and human rights, but the tobacco industry has been perverting this concept for years and using it as a tool for its own marketing. This publication details what real harm reduction action on tobacco use would be, when it should be implemented, and what pillars it should be based on. Different methods of reducing the harmful effects of tobacco and nicotine have been tried and tested over time, but the results have been poor; therefore, smoking cessation by the various officially recognised methods is recommended as a priority objective, using the tools that are truly supported by science. In contrast, it also explains the strategies developed by the industry to manipulate consumers and make them dependent on products that can eventually kill them: from the development of filtered cigarettes to light cigarettes, and from menthol to flavoured vapes. In all cases, they have falsely led people to believe that they were developing less toxic products when they were not. Nowadays, both light and menthol cigarettes are banned in Spain, filters have not reduced risk but increased the use, and vapes try to replace cigarettes with their attractive flavours and their false legend of healthier products when what they are really doing is maintaining the same addiction by changing the object, encouraging dual use, and attracting younger and younger non-smokers. At the same time, a strategy of dividing the opinion of health professionals has been developed, using medical doctors and researchers with recognised conflicts of interest but who manage to confuse consumers. In conclusion, we consider that, although nicotine releasing devices may be useful elements in some particular cases, they are not recommended at the population level as they can promote onset, prevent cessation, as well as maintaining the addictive capacity. The only nicotine products that are recommended are those of pharmacological use approved for the case and provided they are used as a transitional tool to complete cessation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39220715,

title = {Support for regulating smoking in private and public places by adults who currently smoke and recently quit smoking in Spain},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Pérez-Ríos M and Driezen P and Kaai SC and Quah ACK and Vardavas CI and Fong GT and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tid/191797},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {22},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: While indoor smoking restrictions are common, outdoor restrictions are still rare. We explored opinions and support for regulating smoking in different indoor and outdoor environments among adults who smoke and those who recently quit smoking, in Spain.nnMETHODS: The 2021 ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted among a nationally representative sample of 1006 adults aged ≥18 years who smoked cigarettes (n=867) or had recently quit smoking (n=139). Using Poisson regression with robust variance, we estimated adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios of favorable opinions on regulating smoking in different indoor and outdoor environments and support for regulation in unregulated outdoor environments, by sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics.nnRESULTS: There were highly favorable opinions for regulating smoking in places with minors (>95% in primary and secondary playgrounds, and cars with pre-school children and minors) and outdoor transportation (60-80%). There were less favorable opinions for regulating smoking in outdoor terraces of bars/pubs and restaurants (15-20%). Support for further total outdoor regulations on smoking was moderate for markets/shopping centers, public building entrances and swimming pools (40-60%), and low for restaurants/bars/pubs (29.2%). Having quit smoking, having no significant others who smoke and/or believing that cigarette smoke is harmful to others, were factors positively associated with favorable opinions and support for regulating smoking.nnCONCLUSIONS: The settings in Spain with the most favorable opinions for regulation among adults who smoke and have recently quit smoking are places with minors, private cars with others and outdoor areas of public transportation, while the settings with the least favorable opinions were outdoor terraces of bars, pubs, and restaurants. Support for further total outdoor smoking bans is generally moderate, but low for restaurants, bars, and pubs. Overall, these findings suggest the feasibility of extending smoke-free policies to other public and private settings to protect others from tobacco smoke exposure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39569388,

title = {Factors and reasons for planning to quit smoking among a nationally representative sample of adults who smoke: Findings from the 2021 ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey},

author = {Kaai SC and Fu M and Driezen P and Quah ACK and Yan M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Fong GT and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/192088},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Intentions to quit are the strongest predictor of successful smoking cessation and future quit attempts. This study assesses factors associated with quit intentions among adults who smoke in Spain.nnMETHODS: Data are from the 2021 International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS Spain Wave 3 Survey, a nationally representative survey of adults aged ≥18 years who smoke (n=1006). Analysis was restricted to 867 adults who provided information about quit intentions. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to examine several correlates of quit intentions. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were estimated.nnRESULTS: Less than half (45.6%) of adults who smoke reported intending to quit, with only 13.0% intending to quit in the next 6 months; 11.3% reported at least one quit attempt in the past year. Factors associated with quit intentions were having a high income (APR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.92), having at least one quit attempt in the previous year (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.16-1.71), worrying that smoking will damage one's health (APR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.05-2.20), regretting starting to smoke (agree, APR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.03-1.52; disagree, APR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.95), health concerns (APR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.17-1.82), and smoking restrictions in public places (APR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.54).nnCONCLUSIONS: Only13% of adults from Spain who smoke intend to quit in the next 6 months. Factors associated with quitting were high income, at least one quit attempt in the past year, worrying about health damage from smoking, regretting starting to smoke, having health concerns, and smoking restrictions in public places. There is a need for comprehensive measures that encourage and support people to quit.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38978612,

title = {Determinants of tobacco use transitions in smoker nursing students in Catalonia: A prospective longitudinal study},

author = {Laroussy K and Fernández E and Castellano Y and Fu M and Baena A and Feliu A and Peruga A and Margalef M and Tigova O and Galimany J and Puig M and Moreno C and Bueno A and López A and Roca J and Saura J and Martínez C},

doi = {10.18332/tid/189484},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {22},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The use of emerging tobacco and nicotine products affects tobacco use behaviors among college students. Thus, we aimed to examine transitions in tobacco use patterns and identify their predictors among smokers in a cohort of nursing students in Catalonia (Spain).nnMETHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of Catalan nursing students between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. We examined transitions in tobacco use patterns between baseline and follow-up among smokers from: 1) daily to non-daily smoking, 2) non-daily to daily smoking, 3) cigarette-only use to poly-tobacco use, 4) poly-tobacco use to cigarette-only use, 5) between products, 6) reducing consumption by ≥5 cigarettes per day (CPD); and 7) quitting smoking. We applied a Generalized Linear Model with a log link (Poisson regression) and robust variance to identify predictors of reducing cigarette consumption by ≥5 CPD and quitting smoking, obtaining both crude and adjusted (APR) prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).nnRESULTS: Among daily smokers at baseline, 12.1% transitioned to non-daily smoking at follow-up, while 36.2% of non-daily smokers shifted to daily smoking. Among cigarette-only users, 14.2% transitioned to poly-tobacco use, while 48.4% of poly-tobacco users switched to exclusive cigarette use. Among all smokers (daily and non-daily smokers), 60.8% reduced their cigarette consumption by ≥5 CPD and 28.3% quit smoking. Being a non-daily smoker (APR=0.33; 95% CI 0.19-0.55) and having lower nicotine dependence (APR=0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.96) were inversely associated with reducing cigarette consumption, while being a non-daily smoker (APR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31) was directly associated with quitting smoking.nnCONCLUSIONS: Nursing students who smoked experienced diverse transitions in tobacco use patterns over time. Evidence-based tobacco use preventive and cessation interventions are needed to tackle tobacco use among future nurses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39293184,

title = {[How is the compliance with the tobacco control law in hospitaty terraces?]},

author = {López MJ and Fu M and Fernández E and Henderson E and Continente X},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102422},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {38},

pages = {102422},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe tobacco consumption and the compliance with the law on hospitality terraces in Barcelona.nnMETHOD: Cross-sectional study by observation in a sample of 120 hospitality terraces in Barcelona. 30-minute observations were made using a standardized record sheet. The study variables were number of people smoking, number of cigarettes smoked, cigarette butts, socioeconomic status of the neighborhood, time of observation, consumption regulation, number of chairs and number of persons.nnRESULTS: There were people smoking at the time of the observation in 97.5% of the terraces, with no differences according to socioeconomic level of the neighborhood or the regulation of the terrace. There was no compliance with the law in 100% of the terraces where smoking was banned.nnCONCLUSIONS: The widespread non-compliance with the current law indicates the need to implement a smoking ban without exceptions on hospitality terraces.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33879426,

title = {Particulate matter in aerosols produced by two last generation electronic cigarettes: a comparison in a real-world environment},

author = {Borgini A and Veronese C and De Marco C and Boffi R and Tittarelli A and Bertoldi M and Fern Ndez E and Tigova O and Gallus S and Lugo A and Gorini G and Carreras G and L Pez MJ and Continente X and Semple S and Dobson R and Clancy L and Keogan S and Tzortzi A and Vardavas C and Nicol S LP and Starchenko P and Soriano JB and Ruprecht AA and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.03.005},

issn = {2531-0437},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Pulmonology},

volume = {30},

number = {2},

pages = {137--144},

abstract = {The design of e-cigarettes (e-cigs) is constantly evolving and the latest models can aerosolize using high-power sub-ohm resistance and hence may produce specific particle concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aerosol characteristics generated by two different types of electronic cigarette in real-world conditions, such as a sitting room or a small office, in number of particles (particles/cm). We compared the real time and time-integrated measurements of the aerosol generated by the e-cigarette types Just Fog and JUUL. Real time (10s average) number of particles (particles/cm) in 8 different aerodynamic sizes was measured using an optical particle counter (OPC) model Profiler 212-2. Tests were conducted with and without a Heating, Ventilating Air Conditioning System (HVACS) in operation, in order to evaluate the efficiency of air filtration. During the vaping sessions the OPC recorded quite significant increases in number of particles/cm. The JUUL e-cig produced significantly lower emissions than Just Fog with and without the HVACS in operation. The study demonstrates the rapid volatility or change from liquid or semi-liquid to gaseous status of the e-cig aerosols, with half-life in the order of a few seconds (min. 4.6, max 23.9), even without the HVACS in operation. The e-cig aerosol generated by the JUUL proved significantly lower than that generated by the Just Fog, but this reduction may not be sufficient to eliminate or consistently reduce the health risk for vulnerable non e-cig users exposed to it.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38910916,

title = {Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish children, 2016-2019},

author = {Sanz-Mas M and Continente X and Henderson E and Fernández E and Schiaffino A and Pérez-Ríos M and Espelt A and Guxens M and López MJ},

doi = {10.18332/tid/189392},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {22},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially those with lower socioeconomic status. This study assesses the changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure in children younger than 12 years old in Spain between 2016 and 2019.nnMETHODS: We conducted two cross-sectional studies among representative samples of households with children aged <12 years in Spain, in 2016 (n=2411) and 2019 (n=2412). Families were interviewed to assess children's SHS exposure in private settings and outdoor public venues and their adoption of home and car smoke-free rules. We used the education level of the home main earner as a proxy for socioeconomic position. Changes over time in the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities of SHS exposure and smoke-free rules were estimated through adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance according to sociodemographic covariates (adjusted prevalence ratios, APRs).nnRESULTS: In 2019, 70.5% of children were exposed to SHS in Spain. No changes between 2016 and 2019 were found for overall SHS exposure, exposure at home, and at school entrances. SHS exposure increased at public transport stations (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and outdoor hospitality venues (APR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.29) while it decreased in cars (APR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and parks (APR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98). Households with lower education level had higher prevalence of SHS exposure at home in 2019 compared with those with university studies (primary: APR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.11-1.51; secondary: APR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.25) and were less likely to adopt home indoor smoke-free rules (primary: APR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; secondary: APR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.89-1.02). Socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure at home persisted between 2016 and 2019 (p>0.05), while decreased in smoke-free rules in cars (p=0.039).nnCONCLUSIONS: Reported SHS exposure among children in Spain remained high between 2016 and 2019. Inequalities persisted at home, highlighting the need for measures to reduce such exposure with an equity perspective.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39398343,

title = {Assessment of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in Spain: A scoping review},

author = {Blanco-Ferreiro A and Teijeiro A and Varela-Lema L and Rey-Brandariz J and Candal-Pedreira C and Martin-Gisbert L and García G and Galán I and Fernández E and Mourino N and Pérez-Ríos M},

doi = {10.18332/tid/192118},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {22},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus on the questions that should be included in questionnaires to properly ascertain exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The objective of this study is to analyze the questions included in studies which have assessed SHS exposure in Spain.nnMETHODS: A scoping review was performed, using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, selecting original articles published in English and Spanish, across the period 2012-2021. We extracted data from each study regarding its design, target population, sample size or geographical scope; we also collected data regarding how studies dealt with exposure to SHS including assessment and intensity of SHS, exposure setting, geographical scope, and the verbatim questions used.nnRESULTS: Finally, 75 studies were identified. In the 23 studies carried out in children, verbatim questions were included in 8 studies, and the setting most studied was the home. SHS exposure was assessed during pregnancy and postnatally by 8 studies, the verbatim questions used were described in 2 studies, being exposure ascertained at home and workplace. In the adult population, 14 of 44 studies described the verbatim questions; the setting most studied was the home. Verbatim questions varied among studies.nnCONCLUSIONS: Questionnaire-based assessment of SHS exposure is highly heterogeneous, hindering comparability between studies. Therefore, it is necessary to set a standard questionnaire to assess exposure to SHS.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38757008,

title = {Preventing and countering the interference of tobacco industry: Recommendations from the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2},

author = {Solimini R and Ollila H and Gallus S and Havermans A and Talhout R and Kilibarda B and Vasic M and Fernández E and Carnicer-Pont D and Lopez AM and Pérez-Sacristán EM and Cselko Z and Mulcahy M and O'Donovan-Sadat F},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/188094},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39430870,

title = {Best practices for expansion of smoke-free and aerosol-free environments in Europe: Protocol for the consultation to experts},

author = {Carnicer-Pont D and Luque AML and Kilibarda B and Vasic M and Penzes M and Stival C and Gonzalez A and Koprivnikar H and Carreras G and Gorini G and Possenti I and Lugo A and Gallus S and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/192786},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

abstract = {Smoke-free legislation has been shown to positively impact reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially in countries that have implemented comprehensive legislation rather than partial bans. Also, secondhand aerosols (SHA) that come from the heating of tobacco or liquids, with or without nicotine, in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have been proven to increase levels of harmful substances in the air. Therefore, protection against SHS and SHA exposure and expansion of smoke- and aerosol-free environments (SAFE) should be taken into account when creating or trying to expand or enforce clean air policies. This article aims to present the protocol for a consultation with experts on tobacco and nicotine control in order to identify best practices, barriers, and opportunities for the expansion of SAFE in Europe. We identified experts among policymakers, researchers, and tobacco regulators in European countries and invited them to participate in the consultation by completing an online survey designed, programmed, and pilot-tested using Survey Monkey. The responses to the questionnaire contained quantitative and qualitative information that was thematically analyzed. The experts' consultation allowed us to produce a report on barriers and opportunities for SAFE, a report and a position paper on SAFE best practices, a web-based repository of best practices, and a weight of evidence paper that assembles evidence supporting the expansion of SAFE on indoor and outdoor spaces.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid39524201,

title = {Barriers and opportunities for the expansion of smoke- and aerosol-free environment policies in Europe},

author = {Pénzes M and Carnicer-Pont D and Luque AML and Koprivnikar H and Kilibarda B and Vasic M and González-Marrón A and Possenti I and Gallus S and Lambrou A and Papachristou E and Schoretsaniti S and Carreras G and Gorini G and Fernández E and JATC-2 WP8 Partners},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/193977},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive legislation covering the use of all types of tobacco and nicotine products to provide a smoke- and aerosol-free environment (SAFE) should be part of strategies aimed at phasing out tobacco use. There is a need to identify challenges and opportunities for advancing SAFE policies and their implementation. This study aims to identify barriers and opportunities to extend, enforce, and comply with SAFE policies in Europe.nnMETHODS: Within the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2, a cross-sectional expert consultation was launched in 2022. Data obtained through an online questionnaire including closed and open-ended questions on barriers, opportunities, and interference by the tobacco and/or nicotine industry (TNI) on the extension, and compliance with/enforcement of SAFE policies, were analyzed thematically and descriptively.nnRESULTS: From 29 European countries, 61 experts (response rate: 55.5%) were included in our sample. The most commonly identified barriers for the extension of SAFE policies were tobacco industry lobbying and funding activities, while the most commonly reported opportunity was extending SAFE policies to specific outdoor public or private places, especially where children are present. In terms of compliance with/enforcement of SAFE policies, the lack of human and financial resources and capacity to monitor/enforce compliance were the most commonly identified barriers, while opportunities included more powerful enforcement authorities with increased capacity. The experts identified greater TNI interference on the extension than on the enforcement of SAFE policies.nnCONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive regulation of TNI interference and allocation of human/financial resources for policy enforcement, should be a priority for the extension of SAFE policies in Europe.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38757008b,

title = {Preventing and countering the interference of tobacco industry: Recommendations from the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2},

author = {Solimini R and Ollila H and Gallus S and Havermans A and Talhout R and Kilibarda B and Vasic M and Fernández E and Carnicer-Pont D and Lopez AM and Pérez-Sacristán EM and Cselko Z and Mulcahy M and O'Donovan-Sadat F},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/188094},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38638446,

title = {Tobacco endgame measures and their adaptation in selected European countries: A narrative review synthesis},

author = {Ruokolainen O and Ollila H and Laatikainen T and Pätsi SM and Carreras G and Gorini G and Carnicer-Pont D and Cselkó Z and Guignard R and Karekla M and Kilibarda B and Koprivnikar H and Lambrou A and Nguyen-Thanh V and Papachristou E and Schoretsaniti S and Vasic M},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/186402},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {10},

abstract = {Due to the continued detrimental effects of tobacco use, a growing number of countries are embracing the idea of tobacco endgame, meaning ending the tobacco epidemic instead of controlling it. This narrative review aims to synthesize and update the evidence from earlier scientific reviews on effective tobacco endgame measures, as well as to assess their integration to current national strategies among European countries with official tobacco endgame goals. The synthesis of the prior scientific literature found most evidence on product-focused and some evidence for supply-focused policies. Little evidence was detected for user- and institutional-focused measures. An update for the tobacco-free generation measure showed uncertainty in reducing smoking prevalence, especially for adolescents' reactions to age-restrictive laws. All the countries that established a tobacco endgame strategy have included product standards in their measures, predominantly based on European Union regulations on conventional tobacco products, yet standards above this level and considering other products were also common. Cessation measures were given strong emphasis in strategies, yet none of the countries linked these to specific endgame measures. Despite commonly mentioning vulnerable groups, such as youth and pregnant women, adoption of measures to reduce tobacco use among these groups was scarce. Lastly, the decline in tobacco use seems to be modest, implying challenges in meeting the endgame goals. To meet these goals, European countries should reinforce the implementation of known effective tobacco control measures such as tax increases. Furthermore, new innovative strategies and measures to meet the objective of an endgame should be explored.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}