@article{pmid37677986,

title = {Adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of an online health sciences training program for brief smoking intervention: A pre-post study in four European countries},

author = {Pardavila-Belio MI and Moreno-Arroyo C and Romero-Clará O and Tricas-Sauras S and Barroso T and Duaso M and Vilaplana J and Agüera Z and Canga-Armayor N and Demedts D and Elliott R and Godin I and Fernández E and Hawkins S and Marques MID and Lavedan-Santamaria A and Pueyo-Garrigues M and Puig M and Roca J and Sancho R and Torne-Ruiz A and Martínez C and INSTrUCT research group},

doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105924},

issn = {1532-2793},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

journal = {Nurse Educ Today},

volume = {130},

pages = {105924},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tobacco cessation intervention has a positive impact on quality of care. For health professionals, limited competency in this area may be associated with poor training during their academic programs. There is a clear need to further develop and implement training programs to improve tobacco cessation knowledge, skills, and attitudes among healthcare students.nnOBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the innovative online training program "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" for healthcare students to improve their knowledge, skills, and attitudes.nnDESIGN: A pre-post evaluation study with a satisfaction assessment tool was used.nnSETTING: Seven universities from four European countries, including Belgium, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, participated.nnPARTICIPANTS: One thousand and seventy-two (1072) undergraduate students participated, with 851 completing the online program.nnMETHODS: All participants completed the "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" online program, which consisted of five theoretical modules, five videos, and three virtual simulation cases between January 2020 and June 2022. Knowledge was assessed by a multiple-choice test, and practical skills were assessed by a simulation algorithm, both of which were developed by education and smoking cessation experts. Competency was achieved when students successfully completed both assessments. Satisfaction was measured using an ad hoc 16-item questionnaire. Pre-post changes in knowledge were assessed using a paired Student's t-test.nnRESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the students achieved smoking cessation competency. Students significantly improved their knowledge score on a scale of 0 to 10 points, with a mean pre-program score of 3.79 vs a mean post-program score of 7.33 ([-3.7 - -3.4] p < 0.001), acquiring sufficient attitudes and skills (simulation mean of 7.4 out of 10 points). Students were highly satisfied with the program (8.2 out of 10) and recommended it to other students (8.4 out of 10).nnCONCLUSIONS: The "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" online training program is effective for the acquisition of smoking cessation competencies among European health profession students.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37564118,

title = {Social determinants of health and vaccine uptake during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review},

author = {Vardavas C and Nikitara K and Aslanoglou K and Lagou I and Marou V and Phalkey R and Leonardi-Bee J and Fernandez E and Vivilaki V and Kamekis A and Symvoulakis E and Noori T and Wuerz A and Suk JE and Deogan C},

doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102319},

issn = {2211-3355},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Prev Med Rep},

volume = {35},

pages = {102319},

abstract = {Social determinants of health significantly impact population health status. The aim of this systematic review was to examine which social vulnerability factors or determinants of health at the individual or county level affected vaccine uptake within the first phase of the vaccination program. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published from January 2020 until September 2021 in Medline and Embase (Bagaria et al., 2022) and complemented the review with an assessment of pre-print literature within the same period. We restricted our criteria to studies performed in the EU/UK/EEA/US that report vaccine uptake in the general population as the primary outcome and included various social determinants of health as explanatory variables. This review provides evidence of significant associations between the early phases of vaccination uptake for SARS-CoV-2 and multiple socioeconomic factors including income, poverty, deprivation, race/ethnicity, education and health insurance. The identified associations should be taken into account to increase vaccine uptake in socially vulnerable groups, and to reduce disparities in uptake, in particular within the context of public health preparedness for future pandemics. While further corroboration is needed to explore the generalizability of these findings across the European setting, these results confirm the need to consider vulnerable groups and social determinants of health in the planning and roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs and within the context of future respiratory pandemics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37907290,

title = {Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: a systematic review},

author = {Vardavas C and Zisis K and Nikitara K and Lagou I and Marou V and Aslanoglou K and Athanasakis K and Phalkey R and Leonardi-Bee J and Fernandez E and Condell O and Lamb F and Sandmann F and Pharris A and Deogan C and Suk JE},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077602},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {13},

number = {10},

pages = {e077602},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.nnDESIGN: A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.nnDATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.nnELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.nnDATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.nnRESULTS: We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.nnCONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the R at the stage of the pandemic.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36978253,

title = {Transitions in smoking status in nursing students: A prospective longitudinal study},

author = {Laroussy K and Castellano Y and Fu M and Baena A and Feliu A and Peruga A and Margalef M and Aldazabal J and Tigova O and Galimany J and Puig M and Moreno C and Bueno A and López A and Roca J and Saura J and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1111/jan.15665},

issn = {1365-2648},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {J Adv Nurs},

volume = {79},

number = {9},

pages = {3456--3472},

abstract = {AIM: To describe transitions in smoking status and their determining factors among nursing students between baseline (2015-2016) and follow-up (2018-2019).nnDESIGN: Observational prospective longitudinal study of 4381 nursing students in Catalonia (Spain).nnMETHODS: We examined transitions in smoking status from: (i) current smokers to recent quitters, (ii) never smokers to new smokers and (iii) former smokers to quitters who relapsed. We fitted logistic regression models to assess the predictors of quitting smoking.nnRESULTS: The proportion of current smokers decreased from 29.7% at baseline to 23.6% at follow-up, with a cumulative incidence rate of quitting of 28.3% during follow-up. Nondaily smokers were more likely to quit than daily smokers. Of those who were never smokers at baseline, 4.6% were smokers at follow-up, and 23.2% of former smokers at baseline had relapsed at follow-up.nnCONCLUSIONS: Nondaily smokers were more likely to have quit smoking at follow-up among this cohort of nursing students. The early implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control program that includes tobacco-free campus policies, tobacco prevention interventions and cessation support during college years may decrease tobacco use among nursing students.nnIMPACT: Nursing students' tobacco use is concerning, as they are the future workforce of nurses who have a key role in tobacco product use prevention and cessation. During college years, nursing students have a greater likelihood of experimenting with several smoking status changes as well as to consolidate smoking behaviors. This is the first longitudinal study to highlight the factors associated with quitting smoking among a cohort of Spanish nursing students. Being a nondaily smoker at baseline predicted quitting at follow-up. Our findings support the early implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control program that includes tobacco-free campus policies, tobacco prevention interventions and tobacco cessation support during college years to decrease tobacco product use prevalence among nursing students.nnREPORTING METHOD: We have adhered to STROBE guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution. This observational study has not been registered.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37394353,

title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in mortality due to respiratory diseases: A comparative analysis of 2021 and 2020 vs 2019 in Spain},

author = {Soriano JB and Peláez A and Fernández E and Ancochea J},

doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2023.04.020},

issn = {1578-8989},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {Med Clin (Barc)},

volume = {161},

number = {5},

pages = {192--198},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We previously reported an increase in respiratory mortality in 2020 in Spain after COVID-19. It is unclear if this rise is sustained in the longer-term. We aimed to determine whether respiratory mortality in 2021 in Spain returned to pre-pandemic levels.nnMATERIAL AND METHODS: In an observational, large study using official National Institute of Statistics data, we explored deaths due to respiratory diseases, that is, all causes of death by the standard WHO list of diseases of the respiratory system plus COVID-19, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Using the latest available official data of Spain, we analyzed changes in the mortality pattern in Spain from January 2019 to December 2021. We endorsed STROBE guidance for observational research.nnRESULTS: There were 98,714 deaths due to respiratory diseases in 2021 in Spain, corresponding to 21.9% of all deaths, becoming second in the ranking of causes of death. Respiratory diseases mortality in Spain has not returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2021, still with an increase of 30.3% (95% CI 30.2-30.4) compared to rates in 2019. All respiratory-specific causes of death decreased in 2021, except for lung cancer, that increased in women and decreased in men compared to 2019 (both p<0.05). In a multivariate analysis some established risk factors for respiratory diseases mortality were confirmed, such as male gender and older age; further, an association with reduced mortality in rural Spain was observed, still with a large geographical variability.nnCONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact on deaths due to respiratory diseases and certain specific causes of death in 2021, and it has disproportionately affected certain regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37228834,

title = {Hardening determinants among adult daily smokers in nine African countries: Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey},

author = {Sreeramareddy CT and Fernandez E and Feliu A},

doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102226},

issn = {2211-3355},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

journal = {Prev Med Rep},

volume = {34},

pages = {102226},

abstract = {Little has been reported about hardening nor softening indicators in Africa where smoking prevalence is low. We aimed to examine the determinants of hardening in nine African countries. We conducted two separate analyses using data from the most recent Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda (total sample of 72,813 respondents): 1) multilevel logistic regression analysis to assess individual and country-level factors associated with hardcore, high dependence, and light smoking.; 2) a Spearman-rank correlation analysis to describe the association between daily smoking and hardcore, high dependence, and light smoking at an ecological level. Age-standardized daily smoking prevalence varied from 37.3% (95 %CI: 34.4, 40.3) (Egypt) to 6.1% (95 %CI: 3.5, 6.3) (Nigeria) among men; and 2.3% (95 %CI: 0.7, 3.9) (Botswana) to 0.3% (95 %CI: 0.2, 0.7) (Senegal) among women. The proportion of hardcore and high-dependence smokers was higher among men whereas for light smokers the proportion was higher among women. At the individual level, higher age and lower education groups had higher odds of being hardcore smokers and having high dependence. Smoke-free home policies showed decreased odds of both being hardcore and highly dependent smokers daily smoking correlated weakly and negatively with hardcore smoking (r = -0.243, 95 %CI: -0.781, 0.502) among men and negatively with high dependence (r = -0.546, 95 %CI: -0.888, 0.185) and positively with light smokers (r = 0.252, 95 %CI: -0.495, 0.785) among women. Hardening determinants varied between the countries in the African region. Wide sex differentials and social inequalities in heavy smoking do exist and should be tackled.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36772958,

title = {Understanding perceived addiction to and addictiveness of electronic cigarettes among electronic cigarette users: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) England Survey},

author = {Lohner V and McNeill A and Schneider S and Vollstädt-Klein S and Andreas M and Szafran D and Grundinger N and Demjén T and Fernandez E and Przewozniak K and Tountas Y and Trofor A and Zatonski W and Willemsen MC and Vardavas C and Fong GT and Mons U},

doi = {10.1111/add.16162},

issn = {1360-0443},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

journal = {Addiction},

volume = {118},

number = {7},

pages = {1359--1369},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remains to be fully understood. We identified patterns and correlates of perceived addiction to e-cigarettes and perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes (relative addictiveness) in dual users as well as exclusive e-cigarette users.nnDESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational study using cross-sectional survey data from England (2016) from the International Tobacco Control Project (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) survey. The study comprised 832 current e-cigarette users who had been vaping for at least 4 months.nnMEASUREMENTS: Perceived addiction to e-cigarettes and relative addictiveness of e-cigarettes were examined. Socio-demographic factors were age, gender and education; markers of addiction included urge to vape, time to first vape after waking and nicotine strength used; vaping and smoking characteristics included frequency and duration of e-cigarette use, intention to quit, adjustable power or temperature, enjoyment, satisfaction relative to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco cigarette smoking status.nnFINDINGS: A total of 17% of participants reported feeling very addicted to e-cigarettes, while 40% considered e-cigarettes equally/more addictive than tobacco cigarettes. Those who felt very addicted had higher odds of regarding e-cigarettes as more addictive than tobacco cigarettes (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3-5.1). All markers of addiction, daily use and enjoyment were associated with higher perceived addiction, whereas time to first vape after waking, daily vaping and perceiving vaping as less satisfying than smoking were associated with relative addictiveness.nnCONCLUSIONS: Markers of addiction to e-cigarettes appear to correspond with perceived addiction to e-cigarettes, suggesting that self-reported perceived addiction might serve as an indicator of addiction. Prevalence both of markers of addiction and perceived addiction were comparatively low overall, suggesting a limited but relevant addictive potential of e-cigarettes. Additionally, positive and negative reinforcement, reflected here by enjoyment and relative satisfaction, might play a role in e-cigarette addiction.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37121026,

title = {Knowledge, attitudes, behavioral and organizational factors of health professions students for a competent smoking cessation practice: An instrument adaptation and psychometric validation study in Spanish and English samples},

author = {Pueyo-Garrigues M and Agüera Z and Andrés A and Lluch-Canut MT and Tricas-Sauras S and Duaso MJ and Feliu A and Pardavila-Belio MI and Antón L and Cornejo-Ovalle M and Puig-Llobet M and Moreno-Arroyo C and Barroso T and Roca J and INSTrUCT research group and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103647},

issn = {1873-5223},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

journal = {Nurse Educ Pract},

volume = {70},

pages = {103647},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: To improve smoking cessation, training of health professions students is essential. However, no specific instrument is available to assess factors that may affect students' learning about smoking cessation practice.nnAIM: To adapt and validate the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire in the population of undergraduate health professions students.nnDESIGN: Methodological research.nnMETHODS: The researchers conducted this study with 511 Spanish and 186 English health professions students from four different universities. We used a four-step approach: 1) adaptation of the items to the target population and validation of the content by a panel of experts; 2) a pilot study to test face validity; 3) linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version to English; and 4) the psychometric assessment based on construct validity, criterion validity and internal consistency.nnRESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed four subscales for the Spanish version, namely 'Individual knowledge and skills', 'Individual attitudes and beliefs', 'Organizational support' and 'Organizational resources', which accounted for 85.1% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in the holdout Spanish and English samples revealed adequate goodness-of-fit values, supporting the factor structure. Hypotheses testing demonstrated significant differences by capacitation in smoking cessation interventions and degree courses, providing further evidence regarding construct validity. All the subscales correlated positively with the criterion variables (5 A's smoking cessation model), except for the 'Organizational resources' subscale, which was not significantly correlated with the 5 A's. The overall Cronbach's alpha was.83 for the Spanish version and.88 for the English one.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire for Students as a reliable and valid instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and organization perceptions in health professions students, which is essential for competent smoking cessation practice. Interestingly, 'Organizational resources' subscale presented the lowest correlations among factors and did not correlate with any component of the 5 A's, suggesting the need of enhancing students' responsibility and involvement during their internships, as well as the interest of some organizations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34776500,

title = {Electronic Cigarette Use in 12 European Countries: Results From the TackSHS Survey},

author = {Gallus S and Lugo A and Stival C and Cerrai S and Clancy L and Filippidis FT and Gorini G and Lopez MJ and López-Nicolás Á and Molinaro S and Odone A and Soriano JB and Tigova O and van den Brandt PA and Vardavas CI and Fernandez E and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.2188/jea.JE20210329},

issn = {1349-9092},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-01},

journal = {J Epidemiol},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {276--284},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns, and settings of use are available from several European countries.nnMETHODS: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ⩾15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.nnRESULTS: 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-2.7%) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (ie, users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden; in particular, at workplaces (34.9%) and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (P for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (P for trend = 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI, 1.80-7.30).nnCONCLUSION: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine, and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36916452,

title = {Long-term effectiveness of a nurse-led smoking cessation clinic at a comprehensive cancer center},

author = {Martínez C and Castellano Y and Fu M and Riccobene A and Enríquez M and Narváez M and Saura J and Feliu A and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1111/jnu.12891},

issn = {1547-5069},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-01},

journal = {J Nurs Scholarsh},

volume = {55},

number = {3},

pages = {681--691},

abstract = {PURPOSE: Smoking cessation interventions should be promoted in cancer centers to improve clinical outcomes among cancer patients and the quality of life of cancer-free patients and survivors. The aim of the present study was to examine long-term abstinence (1, 3, and 5 years) among smokers who received an intensive nurse-led smoking cessation intervention.nnDESIGN: A prospective follow-up study was conducted in a smoking cessation clinic in Barcelona.nnMETHODS: The study included 479 smokers who received a nurse-led smoking cessation intervention that included motivational interviewing, psychological support, behavioral change counseling, promotion of smoke-free policies, and relapse-prevention strategies, as well as pharmacotherapy if necessary, for 12 months. We calculated overall and sex-specific 1-, 3-, and 5-year abstinence probabilities (Kaplan-Meier curves) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of relapse with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression.nnFINDINGS: The overall probability of abstinence at 1 and 5 years was 0.561 (95% CI: 0.516-0.606) and 0.364 (95% CI: 0.311-0.417), respectively. Females had a higher, but not significant, hazard ratio for relapse compared to males (aHR = 1.180; 95% CI: 0.905-1.538). Attending <5 visits was the most remarkable determinant of relapsing compared to attending 5-9 visits or ≥10 visits, both overall and by sex (p for trend: overall, p < 0.001; males, p = 0.007; and females, p < 0.001).nnCONCLUSIONS: Abstinence probability decreased over the 5-year follow-up but was relatively high. Males had higher abstinence rates than females in all follow-up periods. Completeness of the intensive intervention was the main predictor of cessation.nnCLINICAL RELEVANCE: Smoking cessation interventions should consider sex and incorporate strategies to increase adherence to obtain higher long-term abstinence rates.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36680837,

title = {Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers},

author = {Melero-Ollonarte JL and Lidón-Moyano C and Perez-Ortuño R and Fu M and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and González-Marrón A and Cartanyà-Hueso À and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107616},

issn = {1873-6327},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-01},

journal = {Addict Behav},

volume = {140},

pages = {107616},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aims to address the existing gap in the literature, while adding evidence, by comparing tobacco-specific biomarkers (cotinine and nitrosamines: NNK, NNAL, NNN), and other biomarkers of e-cigarette use (humectants: glycerol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD) according to five study groups.nnMETHODS: A pooling analysis including two different studies was conducted. In both analyses, we took saliva samples from smokers (n = 409) and non-smokers (n = 154), dual tobacco and e-cig users (n = 92), exclusive e-cig user with nicotine (n = 158), and exclusive e-cig users without nicotine (n = 38). We analyzed and compared the geometric means (GM) and geometric standard deviations (GSD) of the concentration of tobacco-specific biomarkers, and e-cigarette biomarkers among groups. We used log-linear models adjusted for sex and age to model the change percentage and their 95% confidence intervals.nnRESULTS: Cotinine was significantly higher in nicotine consumers and in e-cigarette users without nicotine when compared to non-smokers. TSNAs were generally significantly lower in non-smokers and higher in nicotine consumers. NNN and NNAL were lower in e-cigarette users with nicotine comparted to smokers, and NNN was higher in e-cigarette users without nicotine when compared to non-smokers. No differences were found in humectant biomarkers between e-cigarette groups.nnCONCLUSIONS: Although there was a reduction in TSNAs in e-cigarette exclusive users compared to smokers, and a reduction of cotinine concentrations in e-cigarette exclusive users without nicotine compared to smokers, there are still high levels of these biomarkers when compared to non-smokers, which may be a clue towards the harmful effect of e-cigarettes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37261115,

title = {Knowledge, attitudes, and training in tobacco dependence and cessation treatment among Nursing Students in Catalonia (ECTEC Study): Cross-Sectional Study},

author = {Martínez C and Castellano Y and Laroussy K and Fu M and Baena A and Margalef M and Feliu A and Aldazabal J and Tigova O and Galimany J and Llobet MP and Moreno C and Bueno A and López A and Guydish J and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1007/s11469-021-00640-w},

issn = {1557-1874},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-01},

journal = {Int J Ment Health Addict},

volume = {21},

number = {2},

pages = {1041--1056},

abstract = {Nursing students are part of the future health labor force; thus, knowing their knowledge and participation in tobacco control is of importance. Multicentre cross-sectional study conducted to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and training in tobacco dependence and treatment at 15 nursing schools in Catalonia. We employed a self-administered questionnaire. 4,381 students participated. Few respondents (21.1%) knew how to assess smokers' nicotine dependence, and less than half (41.4%) knew about the smoking cessation therapies. Most (80%) had been educated on the health risks of smoking, 50% about the reasons why people smoke and, one third on how to provide cessation aid. Students in the last years of training were more likely to have received these two contents. Nursing students lack sufficient knowledge to assess and treat tobacco dependence and are rarely trained in such subjects. Nursing curricula in tobacco dependence and treatment should be strengthened to tackle the first preventable cause of disease worldwide.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36889786,

title = {The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis},

author = {Gallus S and Scala M and Possenti I and Jarach CM and Clancy L and Fernandez E and Gorini G and Carreras G and Malevolti MC and Commar A and Fayokun R and Gouda HN and Prasad VM and Lugo A},

doi = {10.1183/16000617.0191-2022},

issn = {1600-0617},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-01},

journal = {Eur Respir Rev},

volume = {32},

number = {167},

abstract = {The association between current smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression remains uncertain. We aim to provide up-to-date evidence of the role of cigarette smoking in COVID-19 hospitalisation, severity and mortality. On 23 February 2022 we conducted an umbrella review and a traditional systematic review  PubMed/Medline and Web of Science. We used random-effects meta-analyses to derive pooled odds ratios of COVID-19 outcomes for smokers in cohorts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected individuals or COVID-19 patients. We followed the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. PROSPERO: CRD42020207003. 320 publications were included. The pooled odds ratio for current  never or nonsmokers was 1.08 (95% CI 0.98-1.19; 37 studies) for hospitalisation, 1.34 (95% CI 1.22-1.48; 124 studies) for severity and 1.32 (95% CI 1.20-1.45; 119 studies) for mortality. Estimates for former  never-smokers were 1.16 (95% CI 1.03-1.31; 22 studies), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.25-1.59; 44 studies) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.31-1.62; 44 studies), respectively. Estimates for ever-  never-smokers were 1.16 (95% CI 1.05-1.27; 33 studies), 1.44 (95% CI 1.31-1.58; 110 studies) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.29-1.50; 109 studies), respectively. We found a 30-50% excess risk of COVID-19 progression for current and former smokers compared with never-smokers. Preventing serious COVID-19 outcomes, including death, seems the newest compelling argument against smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36566961,

title = {Measurement of airborne nicotine, as a marker of secondhand smoke exposure, in homes with residents who smoke in 9 European countries},

author = {Henderson E and Rodriguez Guerrero LA and Continente X and Fernández E and Tigova O and Cortés-Francisco N and Semple S and Dobson R and Tzortzi A and Vyzikidou VK and Gorini G and Geshanova G and Mons U and Przewozniak K and Precioso J and Brad R and López MJ and TackSHS project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.115118},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {219},

pages = {115118},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Smoke-free policies are effective in preventing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but their adoption at home remains largely voluntary. This study aimed to quantify SHS exposure in homes with residents who smoke in Europe according to households' characteristics, tobacco consumption habits, and national contextual factors.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional study (March 2017-September 2018) based on measurements of air nicotine inside 162 homes with residents who smoke from nine European countries. We installed passive samplers for seven consecutive days to monitor nicotine concentrations. Through self-administered questionnaires, we collected sociodemographic information and the number of individuals who smoke, smoking rules, frequency, location, and quantity of tobacco use in households. Country-level factors included the overall score in the Tobacco Control Scale 2016, the smoking prevalence, and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence. Nicotine concentrations were analyzed as continuous and dichotomous variables, categorized based on the limit of quantification of 0.02 μg/m.nnRESULTS: Overall, median nicotine concentration was 0.85 μg/m (interquartile range (IQR):0.15-4.42), and there was nicotine presence in 93% of homes. Participants reported that smoking was not permitted in approximately 20% of households, 40% had two or more residents who smoked, and in 79% residents had smoked inside during the week of sampling. We found higher nicotine concentrations in homes: with smell of tobacco smoke inside (1.45 μg/m IQR: 0.32-6.34), where smoking was allowed (1.60 μg/m IQR: 0.68-7.63), with two or more residents who smoked (2.42 μg/m IQR: 0.58-11.0), with more than 40 cigarettes smoked (2.92 μg/m IQR: 0.97-10.61), and where two or more residents smoked inside (4.02 μg/m IQR: 1.58-11.74). Household nicotine concentrations were significantly higher in countries with higher national smoking prevalence and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence (p < 0.05).nnCONCLUSIONS: SHS concentrations in homes with individuals who smoke were approximately twenty times higher in homes that allowed smoking compared to those reporting smoke-free household rules. Evidence-based interventions promoting smoke-free homes should be implemented in combination with strengthening other MPOWER measures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36229738,

title = {Clinical practice guidelines for the optimization of hemato-oncological care: the ICOPraxis},

author = {Jordán de Luna C and Fernández E and Mesía R and Clopés A},

doi = {10.1007/s12094-022-02962-0},

issn = {1699-3055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-01},

journal = {Clin Transl Oncol},

volume = {25},

number = {2},

pages = {555--559},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) is a Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) responsible for the oncological care of 46% of the Catalan population.nnOBJECTIVE: Given the increasing and ongoing approval of onco-hematological treatments, the professionals at the ICO decided to have clinical practice guidelines (called ICOPraxis) based on available evidence. In this report, we intend to share how the ICOPraxis has developed and what its impact has been in the 14 years it has been running.nnRESULTS: In the 14 years, since the project has been running, 17 clinical practice guidelines (some of them with several editions) have been prepared for major onco-hematology clinical conditions. These guidelines will be utilized in the four ICO centers (Girona, Badalona, Tarragona, and Hospitalet) and ICO works in a network with 18 regional hospitals. Between 2018 and 2022, the guidelines have been viewed 38.645 times and downloaded 24.614 times, with an average time spent on each page of 3 min. The ICOPraxis have been consulted in 25 countries in America (3.163 views), 20 countries in Europe (35.365 views), 10 countries in Asia (36 views), and 3 countries in Africa (12 views). The country with the highest number of downloads is Spain with a total of 34.742 downloads (Analytics [Internet]).nnCONCLUSION: The ICOPraxis have succeeded in establishing an evidence-based system that facilitates prescription decision-making according to the established harmonization process and reduction in variability in treatments, increasing equity in our population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36099951,

title = {Exposure to secondhand aerosol from electronic cigarettes at homes: A real-life study in four European countries},

author = {Amalia B and Fu M and Tigova O and Ballbè M and Paniello-Castillo B and Castellano Y and Vyzikidou VK and O'Donnell R and Dobson R and Lugo A and Veronese C and Pérez-Ortuño R and Pascual JA and Cortés N and Gil F and Olmedo P and Soriano JB and Boffi R and Ruprecht A and Ancochea J and López MJ and Gallus S and Vardavas C and Semple S and Fernández E and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158668},

issn = {1879-1026},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Sci Total Environ},

volume = {854},

pages = {158668},

abstract = {Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use emits potentially hazardous compounds and deteriorates indoor air quality. Home is a place where e-cigarettes may frequently be used amid its increasing prohibition in public places. This study assessed the real-life scenario of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) at home. A one-week observational study was conducted within the TackSHS project in four countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) in 2019 including: 1) homes of e-cigarette users living together with a non-user/non-smoker; and 2) control homes with no smokers nor e-cigarette users. Indoor airborne nicotine, PM, and PM concentrations were measured as environmental markers of SHA. Biomarkers, including nicotine and its metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propanediol, glycerol, and metals were measured in participants' saliva and urine samples. E-cigarette use characteristics, such as e-cigarette refill liquid's nicotine concentration, e-cigarette type, place of e-cigarette use at home, and frequency of ventilation, were also collected. A total of 29 e-cigarette users' homes and 21 control homes were included. The results showed that the seven-day concentrations of airborne nicotine were quantifiable in 21 (72.4 %) out of 29 e-cigarette users' homes; overall, they were quite low (geometric mean: 0.01 μg/m; 95 % CI: 0.01-0.02 μg/m) and were all below the limit of quantification in control homes. Seven-day concentrations of PM and PM in e-cigarette and control homes were similar. Airborne nicotine and PM concentrations did not differ according to different e-cigarette use characteristics. Non-users residing with e-cigarette users had low but significantly higher levels of cotinine, 3'-OH-cotinine and 1,2-propanediol in saliva, and cobalt in urine than non-users living in control homes. In conclusion, e-cigarette use at home created bystanders' exposure to SHA regardless of the e-cigarette use characteristics. Further studies are warranted to assess the implications of SHA exposure for smoke-free policy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36220444,

title = {Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family},

author = {Ballbè M and Fu M and Masana G and Pérez-Ortuño R and Gual A and Gil F and Olmedo P and García-Algar Ó and Pascual JA and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.114490},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {216},

number = {Pt 1},

pages = {114490},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Passive exposure to the aerosols of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been little studied. We assessed this exposure in late pregnancy in a woman and her 3-year-old child, exposed through e-cigarette use by another household member.nnMETHODS: This prospective longitudinal case study involved a family unit consisting of an e-cigarette user, a pregnant woman who delivered an infant during the study, and the couple's older 3-year-old son. At 31, 36, and 40 weeks of the pregnancy, we measured biomarkers (nicotine metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propanediols, glycerol, and metals) in the urine and hair of all three participants and in the saliva of the adults, in cord blood at delivery, and in the breast milk at the postpartum period.nnRESULTS: Samples from the e-cigarette user showed quantifiable concentrations of all analytes assessed (maximum urinary cotinine concentration, 4.9 ng/mL). Among samples taken from the mother, nicotine and its metabolites were found mainly in urine and also in saliva and hair, but not in cord blood. During the postpartum period, we found cotinine concentrations of 2.2 ng/mL in the mother's urine and 0.22 ng/mL in breast milk; 1,2-propanediol was generally detected in urine and saliva, but not in cord blood or breast milk. The maximum urinary cotinine concentration in the 3-year-old child was 2.6 ng/mL and propanediols also were detected in his urine. Nitrosamines were not detected in samples taken from the mother or the 3-year-old. Metals found in the refill liquid were detected at low levels in both the mother and the 3-year-old.nnCONCLUSIONS: We detected low but not negligible concentrations of e-cigarette-related analytes (including cord blood and breast milk) in an exposed pregnant non-user and in a 3-year-old child also living in the home. Passive exposure to e-cigarette aerosols cannot be disregarded and should be assessed in larger observational studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36195157,

title = {Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine},

author = {Bru S and González-Marrón A and Lidón-Moyano C and Carballar R and Martínez-Láinez JM and Pérez-Martín H and Fu M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Ballbè M and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Clotet J and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.114443},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {216},

number = {Pt 1},

pages = {114443},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of the SARS-CoV-2. There is contradictory evidence on how the exposure to nicotine may module the concentration of soluble ACE2 (sACE2). The aim of this study was to assess the association between nicotine and sACE2 concentrations in saliva samples.nnMETHODS: Pooled analysis performed with data retrieved from two studies (n = 634 and n = 302). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of sACE2, both total and relative to the total amount of protein in the sample, were compared according to sociodemographic variables and variables associated to nicotine. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to explore the associations of sACE2 with nicotine adjusting for sex, age and body mass index. Spearman's rank-correlation coefficients were estimated between the concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, and pack-years, the concentration of relative sACE2 and the isoforms of sACE2.nnRESULTS: We observed a significant increase of 0.108‰ and 0.087 ng/μl in the relative and absolute salivary sACE2 GM concentrations, respectively, between the lowest and highest nicotine levels. Similar results were observed for cotinine. These associations did not change in the multivariable linear models. There was a low correlation of nicotine and cotinine concentration with the concentration of relative salivary sACE2 (r = 0.153 and r = 0.132, respectively), pack-years (r = 0.222 and r = 0.235, respectively) and with the concentration of isoform 40 KDa (r = 0.193 and r = 0.140, respectively).nnCONCLUSION: Salivary nicotine concentration seems to be limitedly associated with the concentration of sACE2.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37215193,

title = {Changes in tobacco imagery and smokers' depiction in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control policy in Spain},

author = {Feliu A and Quintero A and Peruga A and Carnicer-Pont D and Antón L and Rey-Pino JM and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tid/162700},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {21},

pages = {66},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As more restrictions on tobacco marketing communication are implemented, tobacco marketing has persisted through smoking in films. Our aims were to assess changes in tobacco imagery exposure in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the banning of tobacco advertising in Spain, and to determine whether the depiction of smoking characters has changed over the years.nnMETHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study measured the tobacco content in the 10 Spanish top-grossing films in 2005, 2010 and 2015 (n=30) before and after a complete tobacco advertising ban. We conducted a descriptive and regression analysis of changes in tobacco impressions by year.nnRESULTS: The 30 films contained 1378 tobacco occurrences (90.2% positive for tobacco) with a median length of eight seconds onscreen. Total tobacco occurrences deemed positive for tobacco interests significantly increased in 2010 and 2015 compared to 2005. However, we observed decreased odds of tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.25; p<0.001) in 2010 and of implied tobacco use (OR=0.44; p=0.002), and tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.36; p<0.001) in 2015 compared to 2005. There was a change of pattern in the type of role smokers played from a leading role to a supporting one (p<0.001). The population reach of positive for tobacco occurrence in Spanish top-grossing films decreased from 15.9 (95% CI: 15.86-15.86) per 1000 spectators in 2005 to 0.8 (95% CI: 0.82-0.82) in 2015.nnCONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a ban on complete tobacco product advertising was followed by a decrease in tobacco incidents across top-grossing Spanish films. Yet, exposure to smoking in films is still unacceptably high.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37465255,

title = {Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Laroussy K and Baena A and Margalef M and Feliu A and Galimany-Masclans J and Puig-Llobet M and Moreno-Arroyo C and Sancho R and Bueno A and López A and Guydish J and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.18332/tid/167390},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {21},

pages = {93},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Outdoor smoke-free regulations reduce exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and help to denormalize tobacco use. As future key agents in health promotion, nursing students' attitudes should agree with tobacco-control policies. The objectives of this study were: 1) assess nursing students' exposure to SHS in nursing schools, 2) explore their perceptions of compliance with the existing smoke-free regulations in acute-care hospitals; and 3) describe their support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses.nnMETHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2015-2016 in all 15 university nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. A questionnaire gathered information on SHS exposure, awareness of the smoke-free regulation in acutecare hospitals, and support for smoke-free policies in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitals and university campuses. Participants were nursing students attending classes on the day of the survey. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).nnRESULTS: Of 4381 respondents, 99.1% had seen people smoking in outdoor areas of their university campus, and 75.2% had been exposed to SHS on the campus (6.0% indoors and 69.2% outdoors). Nearly 60% were aware of the smoking regulation in place in acute-care hospitals. There was widespread support for smoke-free indoor hospital regulation (98.7%), but less support (64.8%) for outdoor regulations. Approximately 33% supported the regulation to make outdoor healthcare campuses smoke-free, which was higher among third-year students compared to first-year students (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.62), among never smokers (41.4%; APR=2.84; 95% CI: 2.21-3.64) compared to smokers, and among those who were aware of the regulation (38.4%; 95% CI: 1.37-1.75).nnCONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS on university campuses is high. Nursing students express low support for strengthening outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. Interventions aiming to increase their support should be implemented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37247520,

title = {ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain: protocol of a prospective longitudinal study of smokers in Spain},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Tigova O and Driezen P and Thompson ME and Kaai SC and Quah ACK and Fong GT and Vardavas CI and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102307},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {37},

pages = {102307},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey is a longitudinal study of a representative sample of Spanish adult (≥18 years old) smokers. This protocol describes the methods of the 2021 follow-up survey.nnMETHOD: The ITC EUREST-PLUS Survey, a prospective cohort study of a representative sample of smokers in six European countries, was conducted in 2016 (baseline) and 2018 (waves 1 and 2). The 2021 ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey is a continuation of the Spanish cohort with a new interview in 2021 (wave 3). Lost participants were replaced with new smokers recruited using the same multi-stage sampling design. This latest follow-up aims to examine current patterns and transitions of tobacco use and to evaluate the impact of new tobacco-related policies.nnCOMMENTS: The ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey will provide recent information about the impact of tobacco control policies on smoking behaviour.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35671260,

title = {Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Spain: the patients' perspective},

author = {Fu M and Castellano Y and Feliu A and Saura J and Estrada J and Galimany-Masclans J and Moreno C and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000757},

issn = {1473-5709},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Eur J Cancer Prev},

volume = {32},

number = {1},

pages = {81--88},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, by exploring inpatients' perceptions.nnMETHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 1047 inpatients from 13 public hospitals. We collected data about: (a) type of information about the smoke-free policy provided by the hospital, (b) patients' knowledge about the policy, (c) general appreciation of the compliance with the policy, and (d) specific appreciation of such compliance by noticing any sign of tobacco consumption. We described the data by several patients' and hospitals' characteristics and assessed their association with the perceived noncompliance using prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).nnRESULTS: Few patients were informed about the smoke-free policy (4.8% orally, 6.1% in writing, and 55.6% through sign postings). About 64% were aware of the regulation and 73.5% believed that it was properly obeyed. While 0.7% had never or rarely observed smoking indoors, 36.2% had seen someone smoking outdoors sometimes or many times. Signs of tobacco consumption were observed indoors and outdoors. Factors associated with the perception of noncompliance were: being less than 45 years old versus being more than 64 years old (adjusted PR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.09-4.98) and currently smoking versus have never smoked (adjusted PR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02-3.34).nnCONCLUSION: Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals according to the patients' view is notable, although several infringements were reported, mainly outdoors. The smoke-free policy in hospitals should be reinforced by prompting continuous awareness campaigns and the exemplary role of hospital workers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38026503,

title = {Tobacco endgame in the WHO European Region: Feasibility in light of current tobacco control status},

author = {González-Marrón A and Koprivnikar H and Tisza J and Cselkó Z and Lambrou A and Peruga A and Kilibarda B and Lidón-Moyano C and Carnicer-Pont D and Papachristou E and Nunes E and Carreras G and Gorini G and Pérez-Martín H and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Spizzichino L and Karekla M and Mulcahy M and Vasic M and Ruokolainen O and Guignard R and Schoretsaniti S and Laatikainen T and Nguyen-Thanh V and Ollila H},

doi = {10.18332/tid/174360},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {21},

pages = {151},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: To assess the feasibility of developing World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries' goals and measures in line with tobacco endgame objectives, information on the current tobacco control context and capacity is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and MPOWER measures in the region.nnMETHODS: In this cross-sectional study we used data from the WHO FCTC implementation reports and MPOWER from 2020 in 53 WHO European Region countries. Six domains (i.e. capacity, taxation and price policies, other national key regulations, public awareness raising and communication, tobacco use cessation, and monitoring) were formed. Subsequently, available indicators under these domains were scored and the level of implementation was computed for each country. Mann-Whitney tests were carried out to compare the scores between the group of countries with and without official endgame goals.nnRESULTS: Overall, implementation of the WHO FCTC with the selected indicators at the country level ranged from 28% to 86%, and of MPOWER from 31% to 96%. Full implementation was achieved by 28% of WHO FCTC Parties in the region in taxation and price policies, 12% in public awareness raising and communication, and 42% in monitoring. In capacity, tobacco use cessation and other national key regulations, none of the Parties in the region reached full implementation. Overall median WHO FCTC scores were significantly higher in countries with official endgame goals than in those without (p<0.001).nnCONCLUSIONS: There is unequal implementation of both WHO FCTC and MPOWER measures among WHO European Region countries. MPOWER and WHO FCTC provide all the measures for the necessary first steps, followed by innovative measures, to accomplish tobacco endgame goals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36969981,

title = {Comparing client and staff reports on tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and services provided in substance use treatment},

author = {Martínez C and Lisha N and McCuistian C and Strauss E and Deluchi K and Guydish J},

doi = {10.18332/tid/160974},

issn = {1617-9625},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Tob Induc Dis},

volume = {21},

pages = {45},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Smoking is highly prevalent in substance use disorder (SUD) programs, but few studies have explored the tobacco-related attitudes of staff and clients in the same program. The aim of this study was to compare staff and client reports on 10 tobacco-related items and associate them with tobacco measures implemented in the programs.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 18 residential SUD programs from 2019 to 2020. Overall, 534 clients and 183 clinical staff self-reported their tobacco use, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices/services regarding smoking cessation. Ten comparable items were asked of both clients and staff. Differences in their responses were tested using bivariate analyses. We examine the association between selected tobacco-related items on making a quit attempt and planning to quit in the next 30 days.nnRESULTS: In all, 63.7% of clients were current cigarette users versus 22.9% of staff. About half of clinicians (49.4%) said they had the skills to help patients quit smoking, while only 34.0% of clients thought their clinicians had these skills (p=0.003). About 28.4% of staff reported encouraging their patients to use nicotine replacement treatment (NRT), and 23.4% of patients said they had been encouraged to use these products. Client reports of planning a quit attempt were positively correlated with whether both staff and clients reported that the use of NRT was encouraged (clients: r=0.645 p=0.004; staff: r=0.524 p=0.025).nnCONCLUSIONS: A low level of tobacco-related services was provided by staff and received by clients. In programs where smokers were encouraged to use NRT, a higher percentage of smokers planned a quit attempt. Tobacco-related training among staff, and communication about tobacco use with clients, should be improved to make tobacco services more visible and accessible in SUD treatment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36673548,

title = {Variation in Nicotine Metabolization According to Biological Factors and Type of Nicotine Consumer},

author = {Pérez-Martín H and Lidón-Moyano C and González-Marrón A and Fu M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.3390/healthcare11020179},

issn = {2227-9032},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Healthcare (Basel)},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

abstract = {This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers. We used log-linear models to control for the potential confounding effect of the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Salivary nicotine metabolic rate assessment included the rate of nicotine metabolism (cotinine/nicotine) and the nicotine metabolite ratio (trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine). Exclusive users of e-cigarette without nicotine have the lowest rate of nicotine metabolism (Geometric mean: 0.08, p-values < 0.001) while cigarette smokers have the highest (Geometric mean: 2.08, p-values < 0.001). Nonusers have lower nicotine metabolic rate than cigarette smokers (Geometric means: 0.23 vs. 0.18, p-value < 0.05). Younger individuals (18−44 years) have a higher rate of nicotine metabolism than older individuals (45−64 years and 65−89) (Geometric means: 0.53 vs. 0.42 and 0.31, respectively, p-values < 0.01) and individuals with lower body mass index (21−25 kg/m2) have a higher rate of nicotine metabolism than the rest (26−30 kg/m2 and 31−60 kg/m2) (Geometric means: 0.52 vs. 0.35 and 0.36, respectively-values < 0.01). Nicotine metabolic rates are useful biomarkers when reporting smoking status and biological differences between individuals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37413897,

title = {Monitoring health and health behaviors among adolescents in Central Catalonia: DESKcohort protocol},

author = {Rogés J and González-Casals H and Bosque-Prous M and Folch C and Colom J and Casabona J and Drou-Roget G and Teixidó-Compañó E and Fernández E and Vives-Cases C and Espelt A},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102316},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {37},

pages = {102316},

abstract = {The objective of the prospective cohort study (the DESKcohort project) is to describe and monitor health, health behaviors, and their related factors among 12 and 19-year-old adolescents schooled at centers of Compulsory Secondary Education or post-compulsory secondary education in Central Catalonia, considering social determinants of health. The DESKcohort survey is administered biannually between the months of October and June, and the project has been running for three years. We have interviewed 7319 and 9265 adolescents in the academic years 2019/20 and 2021/22, respectively. They responded a questionnaire created by a committee of experts, that included the following variables: sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health, food, physical activity, leisure and mobility, substance use, interpersonal relationships, sexuality, screen use and digital entertainment, and gambling. The results are presented to educational centers, county councils, municipalities, and health and third sector entities to plan, implement, and evaluate prevention and health promotion actions that address the identified needs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36649374,

title = {Systematic review of outbreaks of COVID-19 within households in the European region when the child is the index case},

author = {Vardavas CI and Nikitara K and Aslanoglou K and Kamekis A and Puttige Ramesh N and Symvoulakis E and Agaku I and Phalkey R and Leonardi-Bee J and Fernandez E and Condell O and Lamb F and Deogan C and Suk JE},

doi = {10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001718},

issn = {2399-9772},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ Paediatr Open},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to identify the secondary attack rates (SAR) to adults and other children when children are the index cases within household settings.nnMETHODS: This literature review assessed European-based studies published in Medline and Embase between January 2020 and January 2022 that assessed the secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within household settings. The inclusion criteria were based on the Population, Exposure, Outcome framework for systematic reviews. Thus, the study population was restricted to humans within the household setting in Europe (population), in contact with paediatric index cases 1-17 years old (exposure) that led to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported as either an SAR or the probability of onward infection (outcome).nnRESULTS: Of 1819 studies originally identified, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the SAR ranged from 13% to 75% in 15 studies, while there was no evidence of secondary transmission from children to other household members in one study. Evidence indicated that asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 index cases also have a lower SAR than those with symptoms and that younger children may have a lower SAR than adolescents (>12 years old) within household settings.nnCONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 secondary transmission from paediatric index cases ranged from 0% to 75%, within household settings between January 2020 and January 2022, with differences noted by age and by symptomatic/asymptomatic status of the index case. Given the anticipated endemic circulation of SARS-CoV-2, continued monitoring and assessment of household transmission is necessary.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}