@article{pmid33727255,

title = {Beyond the European Union Tobacco Products Directive: smokers' and recent quitters' support for further tobacco control measures (2016-2018)},

author = {Nogueira SO and Driezen P and Fu M and Hitchman SC and Tigova O and Castellano Y and Kyriakos CN and Zatoński MZ and Mons U and Quah ACK and Demjén T and Trofor AC and Przewozniak K and Katsaounou P and Fong G and Vardavas CI and Fernández E and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056177},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {31},

number = {6},

pages = {765--769},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several measures recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control have not been implemented in the European Union, despite changes in the legislation such as the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). This study aims to understand smokers' and recent quitters' levels of support for tobacco control measures that go beyond the TPD during and after its implementation.nnMETHODS: Data from wave 1 (2016, n=6011) and wave 2 (2018, n=6027) of the EUREST-PLUS International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Six European Countries Survey, a cohort of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain were used to estimate the level of support for seven different tobacco control measures, overall and by country.nnRESULTS: In 2018, the highest support was for implementing measures to further regulate tobacco products (50.5%) and for holding tobacco companies accountable for the harm caused by smoking (48.8%). Additionally, in 2018, 40% of smokers and recent quitters supported a total ban on cigarettes and other tobacco products within ten years, if assistance to quit smoking is provided. Overall, support for tobacco control measures among smokers and recent quitters after the implementation of the TPD remained stable over time.nnCONCLUSION: There is considerable support among smokers and recent quitters for tobacco control measures that go beyond the current measures implemented. A significant percentage of smokers would support a ban on tobacco products in the future if the government provided assistance to quit smoking. This highlights the importance of implementing measures to increase smoking cessation in conjunction with other policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35878525,

title = {Changes in the salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after Spanish smoke-free legislation},

author = {Pérez-Martín H and Lidón-Moyano C and González-Marrón A and Fu M and Pérez-Ortuño R and Ballbè M and Martín-Sánchez JC and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2022.102226},

issn = {1877-783X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Cancer Epidemiol},

volume = {80},

pages = {102226},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: High levels of cotinine in non-smokers indicate passive exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to evaluate variations in salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010) in a sample of the adult population of Barcelona, Spain.nnMETHODS: This longitudinal study analyzes salivary cotinine samples and self-reported information from a representative sample (n = 676) of the adult population from Barcelona before and after the approval of smoke-free legislation. We calculated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, to obtain optimal cotinine cut-off points to discriminate between smokers and non-smokers overall, by sex and age, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. We used linear mixed-effects models, with individuals as random effects, to model the percentage change of cotinine concentration before and after the implementation of both laws.nnRESULTS: The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly lower post-2010 law (-85.8%, p < 0.001). The ROC curves determined that the optimal cotinine cut-off points for discriminating non-smokers and smokers were 10.8 ng/mL (pre-2005 law) and 5.6 ng/mL (post-2010 law), with a post-2010 law sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 98.4%, and an area under the curve of 97.0%. The post-2010 law cotinine cut-off points were 5.6 ng/mL for males and 1.9 ng/mL for females.nnCONCLUSION: The implementation of Spanish smoke-free legislation was effective in reducing secondhand smoke exposure and, therefore, also in reducing the cut-off point for salivary cotinine concentration. This value should be used to better assess tobacco smoke exposure in this population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34031228,

title = {Tool to monitor tobacco control policy implementation: the Tobacco Control Scale in Latin America. Adaptation process and pilot study},

author = {Feliu A and Martinez C and Peruga A and Joossens L and Bianco E and Cornejo M and Nogueira SO and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056395},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {31},

number = {5},

pages = {642--648},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Monitoring tobacco control policy implementation is one of the keys for tobacco consumption reduction in Latin America (LA). This study reports on the adaptation of the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) for use in LA countries and the level of tobacco control policy implementation in this region according to the scale.nnMETHODS: Ecological cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire to measure tobacco control policies was a translated (into Spanish and Portuguese) and adapted version of the last TCS as used in Europe. The resulting TCS-LA maintains the same structure as the original TCS, with eight policy domains and 100 points (pts) as maximum score; however, four policy domains were adapted because the exact same rationale could not be applied. At least two non-governmental tobacco control experts were contacted per country to answer the TCS-LA.nnRESULTS: Informants from 17 out of 18 countries completed the questionnaire. Using the TCS-LA, Panama (70 pts), Uruguay (68 pts) and Ecuador (61 pts) exhibited the strongest tobacco control policies, while Guatemala (32 pts), Bolivia (30 pts) and Dominican Republic (29 pts) have implemented a lower number of tobacco control policies. Eight countries reached 50% of the TCS-LA total possible score, indicating a relatively good implementation level of tobacco control policies.nnCONCLUSIONS: Panama, Uruguay and Ecuador are the tobacco control policy leaders in LA; however, tobacco control in the region has room for improvement since nine countries have a total score under 50 pts. The TCS is a feasible and adaptable tool to monitor tobacco control in other WHO regions beyond Europe.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35341948,

title = {Methodological guidelines for the estimation of attributable mortality using a prevalence-based method: the STREAMS-P tool},

author = {Pérez-Ríos M and Rey-Brandariz J and Galán I and Fernández E and Montes A and Santiago-Pérez MI and Giraldo-Osorio A and Ruano-Raviña A},

doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.03.016},

issn = {1878-5921},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

journal = {J Clin Epidemiol},

volume = {147},

pages = {101--110},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is evidence of strong links between exposure to different risk factors and life-threatening diseases. Assessing the burden of a risk factor on the population's mortality due to a given disease provides a clear picture of these links. The estimation of attributable mortality to a risk factor is the most widely used procedure for doing this. Although different methods are available to estimate attributable mortality, the prevalence-based methodology is the most frequent. The main objective of this study is to develop guidelines and checklists to STrengthen the design and REporting of Attributable Mortality Studies using a Prevalence-based method (STREAMS-P) and also to assess the quality of an already published study which uses this methodology.nnMETHODS: The design of the guideline and checklists has been done in two phases. A development phase, where we set recommendations based on the review of the literature, and a validation phase, where we validated our recommendations against other published studies that have estimated attributable mortality using a prevalence-based method.nnRESULTS: We have developed and tested a guideline that includes the information required to perform a prevalence-based attributable mortality study to a given risk factor; a checklist of aspects that should be present when a report or a paper on attributable mortality is written or interpreted and a checklist of quality control criteria for reports or papers estimating attributable mortality.nnCONCLUSION: To our knowledge, the STREAMS-P is the first set of criteria specifically created to assess the quality of such studies and it could be valuable for authors and readers interested in performing attributable mortality studies or interpreting their reliability.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33768256,

title = {Smoking cessation interventions in substance use disorders treatment centers of Catalonia: The abandoned addiction},

author = {Nieva G and Ballbè M and Cano M and Carcolé B and Fernández T and Martínez À and Mondon S and Raich A and Roig P and Serra I and Serrano J and Pinet C},

doi = {10.20882/adicciones.1492},

issn = {0214-4840},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

journal = {Adicciones},

volume = {34},

number = {3},

pages = {227--234},

abstract = {Substance use disorders (SUD) treatment centers are an optimal setting for delivering smoking cessation interventions (SCI). This study aimed to examine the adoption of SCI in SUD treatment centers in Catalonia (Spain) as well as to assess their managers' views on the appropriateness and feasibility of providing SCI. Managers directly in charge of SUD treatment centers (n = 57) answered a 30-item on-line questionnaire. Data was obtained of 50 centers (87.7% response rate). Forty-six per cent of the centers provided some kind of SCI, but only 4.8% of the new patients were treated for smoking cessation. Managers reported that 73.3% of mental health professionals working in SUD centers had not been trained in SCI. Sixty-four per cent of managers agreed that all health professionals should deliver SCI. Those centers offering SCI attended more patients and were more likely to have professionals trained in SCI than those not offering SCI. The implementation of SCI in SUD treatment centers in Catalonia was suboptimal. Continuing education and training should be provided for all health professionals working in SUD centers. Not systematically delivering SCI to patients in treatment for other SUD means missing opportunities to reduce health and economic costs while perpetuating a smoking culture.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34755457,

title = {Factors associated with changes in inpatients' smoking pattern during hospitalization and one month after discharge: A cohort study},

author = {Feliu A and Ravara S and Papadakis S and Enriquez M and Antón L and Saura J and Company A and Romero O and Ripoll R and Ruz A and Precioso J and Pascoal I and Videira L and Correia C and Ferreira S and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1111/jnu.12735},

issn = {1547-5069},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-01},

journal = {J Nurs Scholarsh},

volume = {54},

number = {3},

pages = {332--344},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Smokers are frequent users of healthcare services. Admissions to hospital can serve as a "teachable moment" for quitting smoking. Clinical guidelines recommend initiating smoking cessation services during hospitalization; however, in Southern European countries less than 5% of inpatients receive a brief intervention for smoking cessation.nnOBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were (i) to examine rates of smoking abstinence during and after hospitalization; (ii) to measure changes in smoking patterns among persons who continued smoking after discharge; and (iii) to identify predictors of abstinence during hospitalization and after discharge.nnMETHODS: A cohort study of a representative sample of current adult smokers hospitalized in two Spanish and two Portuguese hospitals. We surveyed smokers during hospitalization and recontacted them one month after discharge. We used a 25-item ad hoc questionnaire regarding their smoking pattern, the smoking cessation intervention they have received during hospitalization, and hospital and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed a descriptive analysis using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression to characterize the participant, hospital, and smoking cessation intervention (5As model) characteristics associated with smoking abstinence.nnRESULTS: Smoking patients from both countries presented high abstinence rates during hospitalization (Spain: 76.4%; Portugal: 70.2%); however, after discharge, their abstinence rates decreased to 55.3% and 46.8%, respectively. In Spain, smokers who tried to quit before hospital admission showed higher abstinence rates, and those who continued smoking reduced a mean of five cigarettes the number of cigarettes per day (p ≤ 0.001). In Portugal, abstinence rates were higher among women (p = 0.030), those not living with a smoker (p = 0.008), those admitted to medical-surgical wards (p = 0.035), who consumed their first cigarette within 60 min after waking (p = 0.006), and those who were trying to quit before hospitalization (p = 0.043).nnCONCLUSIONS: Half of the smokers admitted into the Spanish hospitals are abstinent one month after discharge or have reduced their cigarettes per day. Nevertheless, success rates could be increased by implementing evidence-based tobacco cessation programs at the organizational-level, including post-discharge active quitting smoking support.nnCLINICAL RELEVANCE: Three-quarters of the inpatients who smoke remain abstinent during hospitalization and over half achieve to maintain their abstinence or at least reduce their consumption one month after discharge, proving that admission to hospitals is an excellent teachable moment to quit smoking.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35278807,

title = {Acceptability and participation predictors for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to test a smoking cessation intervention after discharge from mental health wards},

author = {Martínez C and Feliu A and Torres N and Nieva G and Pinet C and Raich A and Mondon S and Barrio P and Andreu M and Hernández-Ribas R and Vicens J and Costa S and Suelves JM and Vilaplana J and Enríquez M and Alaustre L and Vilalta E and Subirà S and Bruguera E and Castellano Y and Saura J and Guydish J and Fernández E and Ballbè M},

doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109390},

issn = {1879-0046},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-01},

journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},

volume = {234},

pages = {109390},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hospitalization is an ideal time to promote smoking cessation, but interventions are limited for supporting cessation maintenance after discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of participating in a trial that tested the efficacy of an intensive telephone-based intervention for smokers after discharge.nnMETHODS: Adult smokers admitted to mental health wards of six hospitals were invited to participate in the trial. We studied the study acceptance/decline rates by analyzing the characteristics of participants (e.g., sex, age, psychiatric disorder, smoking pattern) and hospitals (e.g., size, tobacco control implementation). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to assess predictors of non-participation.nnRESULTS: Of 530 smokers that met the study inclusion criteria, 55.5% (n = 294) agreed to participate. Participant and non-participants were not different in sex, age, or psychiatric diagnosis. Compared to non-participants, participants had made more attempts to quit in the past year (66.1% vs 33.9%; p < 0.001) and reported higher abstinence rates during the hospital stay (66.7% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.05). Participation rates by hospital varied from 30.9% to 82.0% (p < 0.001). Predictors of non-participation were not having attempted to quit in the last year (aOR=2.42; 95%CI: 1.66-3.53) and low level of tobacco control in the hospital (aOR range: 1.79-6.39, p < 0.05).nnCONCLUSIONS: A telephone-based intervention to promote smoking cessation after discharge was accepted by half of the smokers with mental health disorders. Smokers that had attempted to quit previously and those that stayed in hospitals with a strong tobacco control policy were more likely to participate in the trial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35252942,

title = {Reaping what you sow: England's drastic reduction in childhood secondhand smoke exposure in two decades},

author = {Gallus S and Fernandez E},

doi = {10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100334},

issn = {2666-7762},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-01},

journal = {Lancet Reg Health Eur},

volume = {15},

pages = {100334},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35340748,

title = {The Emergence of COVID-19 as a Cause of Death in 2020 and its Effect on Mortality by Diseases of the Respiratory System in Spain: Trends and Their Determinants Compared to 2019},

author = {Soriano JB and Peláez A and Fernández E and Moreno L and Ancochea J},

doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.001},

issn = {1579-2129},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-01},

journal = {Arch Bronconeumol},

volume = {58},

pages = {13--21},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of death by diseases of the respiratory system in Spain in 2020, with special interest in COVID-19; also its trends and determinants, and compare them with 2019.nnMATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. The coding of all those causes of death by diseases of the respiratory system were regrouped. A descriptive analysis of all deaths and by gender, age, and the 17 Autonomous Communities (CC.AA.) was performed. Also, odds ratios of death in crude and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were estimated.nnRESULTS: In Spain in 2020, 60,358 deaths were attributed to "COVID-19 virus identified" and another 14,481 to "COVID-19 virus not identified (suspicious)". Regrouping the specific causes of death, in 2020 the diseases of the respiratory system caused a total of 139,880 deaths, which corresponds to 28.3% of all deaths in Spain. Compared to 2019, an increase of 68.5% was observed. By gender, deaths by diseases of the respiratory system were higher in men (32.0%) than in women (24.6%), although in specific causes the percentage was higher in women with suspected COVID-19, asthma, respiratory insufficiency and other diseases of the respiratory system. Finally, the variables associated with death from COVID-19 in the multivariate analysis were being male, increasing age (maximum at 80 years), completed studies up to secondary level, employed, and single or widowed marital status, although with a marked variation by CC.AA.nnCONCLUSIONS: In Spain in 2020, COVID-19 produced a large increase (68.5%) in deaths by diseases of the respiratory system compared to the previous year.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35450905,

title = {COVID-19 among workers of a comprehensive cancer centre between first and second epidemic waves (2020): a seroprevalence study in Catalonia, Spain},

author = {Peremiquel-Trillas P and Saura-Lázaro A and Benavente-Moreno Y and Casabonne D and Loureiro E and Cabrera S and Duran A and Garrote L and Brao I and Trelis J and Galán M and Soler F and Julià J and Cortasa D and Domínguez MÁ and Albasanz-Puig A and Gudiol C and Ramírez-Tarruella D and Muniesa J and Rivas JP and Muñoz-Montplet C and Sedano A and Plans À and Calvo-Cerrada B and Calle C and Clopés A and Carnicer-Pont D and Alemany L and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056637},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

pages = {e056637},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 surveillance of workers in oncological centres is crucial to assess infection burden and prevent transmission. We estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers (HCWs) of a comprehensive cancer centre in Catalonia, Spain, and analyse its association with sociodemographic characteristics, exposure factors and behaviours.nnDESIGN: Cross-sectional study (21 May 2020-26 June 2020).nnSETTING: A comprehensive cancer centre (Institut Català d'Oncologia) in Catalonia, Spain.nnPARTICIPANTS: All HCWs (N1969) were invited to complete an online self-administered epidemiological survey and provide a blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection.nnPRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence (%) and 95% CIs of seropositivity together with adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CI were estimated.nnRESULTS: A total of 1266 HCWs filled the survey (participation rate: 64.0%) and 1238 underwent serological testing (97.8%). The median age was 43.7 years (p25-p75: 34.8-51.0 years), 76.0% were female, 52.0% were nursing or medical staff and 79.0% worked on-site during the pandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 8.9% (95% CI 7.44% to 10.63%), with no differences by age and sex. No significant differences in terms of seroprevalence were observed between onsite workers and teleworkers. Seropositivity was associated with living with a person with COVID-19 (aPR 3.86, 95% CI 2.49 to 5.98). Among on-site workers, seropositive participants were twofold more likely to be nursing or medical staff. Nursing and medical staff working in a COVID-19 area showed a higher seroprevalence than other staff (aPR 2.45, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.52).nnCONCLUSIONS: At the end of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Institut Català d'Oncologia HCW was lower than the reported in other Spanish hospitals. The main risk factors were sharing household with infected people and contact with COVID-19 patients and colleagues. Strengthening preventive measures and health education among HCW is fundamental.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33456019,

title = {Use and Awareness of Heated Tobacco Products in Europe},

author = {Gallus S and Lugo A and Liu X and Borroni E and Clancy L and Gorini G and Lopez MJ and Odone A and Przewozniak K and Tigova O and van den Brandt PA and Vardavas C and Fernandez E and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.2188/jea.JE20200248},

issn = {1349-9092},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {J Epidemiol},

volume = {32},

number = {3},

pages = {139--144},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heated tobacco products (HTP) are new forms of tobacco consumption with limited information available on their use among the general population. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence and associations of use of HTP across 11 countries in Europe.nnMETHODS: Within the TackSHS Project, in 2017-2018 we conducted a cross-sectional study with information on HTP use in the following countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. In each country, face-to-face interviews were performed on a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged ≥15 years, for a total of 10,839 subjects.nnRESULTS: Overall, 27.8% of study participants were aware of HTPs, 1.8% were ever HTP users (ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 8.3% in Greece), and 0.1% were current users. Men were more frequently HTP ever users than women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.95). Ever HTP use was inversely related to age (P for trend <0.001) and more frequent in ex-smokers (compared with never smokers, aOR 4.32; 95% CI, 2.69-6.95) and current smokers (aOR 8.35; 95% CI, 5.67-12.28), and in electronic cigarette past users (compared with never users, aOR 5.48; 95% CI, 3.46-8.68) and current users (aOR 5.92; 95% CI, 3.73-9.40).nnCONCLUSIONS: In 2017-2018, HTP use was still limited in Europe among the general population; however, the dual use of these products, their high use among younger generations, and the interest of non-smokers in these products are worrying and indicate the need for close monitoring in terms of prevalence and the characteristics of users.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34717946,

title = {Non-smokers' and smokers' support for smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings across 12 European countries},

author = {Nogueira SO and Fu M and Lugo A and Tigova O and Henderson E and López MJ and Clancy L and Semple S and Soriano JB and Fernandez E and Gallus S and TackSHS Project Investigators},

doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2021.112224},

issn = {1096-0953},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {Environ Res},

volume = {204},

number = {Pt C},

pages = {112224},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: European countries differ considerably in the scope and the extent of their policies to protect people from the harms of secondhand smoke exposure. Public opinion may have a substantial influence on several stages of policy development, implementation, and compliance. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the population level of support for smoke-free policies and its correlates.nnMETHODS: We used data from the TackSHS Survey (2017-2018), a cross-sectional study with representative samples of the general population aged ≥15 years from 12 European countries. We described the proportion of non-smokers' and smokers' support for the implementation of smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings and the country-level characteristics associated with it.nnRESULTS: In the total sample (n = 11,902), support for smoke-free legislation were the lowest for restaurants/bar patios (non-smokers = 53.0%; smokers = 29.2%) and the highest for workplaces (non-smokers = 78.5%; smokers = 66.5%). In the country-level analysis, the highest support among non-smokers was for workplaces in Bulgaria (93.1%) and the lowest for restaurants/bars patios in Greece (39.4%). Among smokers, the corresponding estimates were for children's playgrounds in Latvia (88.9%) and for cars in Portugal (21%). For most settings, support for smoke-free legislation was directly related with the countries' prevalence of secondhand smoke presence and reported smoking in each setting.nnDISCUSSION: Our results show that the majority of European adults (including a large proportion of smokers) are supportive of implementing smoke-free legislation in indoor settings and extending it to selected outdoor settings. Such expressive support can be seen as an opportunity to advance legislation and protect the European population from secondhand smoke exposure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35241582,

title = {Tobacco control in Europe: progress and key challenges},

author = {Willemsen MC and Mons U and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056857},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {31},

number = {2},

pages = {160--163},

abstract = {We discuss progress made with respect to reducing the burden of disease caused by tobacco use within the WHO European Region and outline major issues and challenges regarding ongoing implementation of tobacco control policy. Although 50 of 53 countries in the WHO European Region are parties to the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC), smoking prevalence varies tremendously between European countries. While smoking rates are decreasing slowly, faster declines among smokers with a higher socioeconomic status are leading to growing inequalities in tobacco use. Governments in Europe increasingly formulate visions of 'tobacco-free' societies and it is encouraging that the European Commission aims to achieve a tobacco-free Europe in 2040 as part of its Europe's Beating Cancer Plan. While core WHO FCTC measures still have to be fully implemented in many European countries, some countries are implementing more advanced measures such as plain packaging, banning of characterising flavours from tobacco products, tobacco retailer licensing and extensions of smoking bans into spaces such as cars, outdoor areas and public streets. Remaining challenges include protecting tobacco control policymaking from tobacco industry interference, insufficient dedicated budget for scientific research and the need for Europe-wide monitoring data on use of tobacco and nicotine products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35241597,

title = {Smoke-free spaces: a decade of progress, a need for more?},

author = {Semple S and Dobson R and O'Donnell R and Zainal Abidin E and Tigova O and Okello G and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056556},

issn = {1468-3318},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {Tob Control},

volume = {31},

number = {2},

pages = {250--256},

abstract = {Adoption of smoke-free measures has been one of the central elements of tobacco control activity over the past 30 years. The past decade has seen an increasing number of countries and proportion of the global population covered by smoke-free policies to some extent. Despite reductions in global smoking prevalence, population growth means that the number of non-smokers exposed to the harms caused by secondhand smoke remains high. Smoke-free policy measures have been shown to be useful in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke, and can additionally increase cessation and reduce smoking initiation. Policies tend to be aimed primarily at enclosed public or workplace settings with very few countries attempting to control exposure in private or semiprivate spaces such as homes and cars, and, as a result, children may be benefiting less from smoke-free measures than adults. Compliance with legislation also varies by country and there is a need for education and empowerment together with guidance and changing social norms to help deliver the full benefits that smoke-free spaces can bring. Restrictions and policies on use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in smoke-free settings require more research to determine the benefits and implications of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol, dual use and smoking cessation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33342937,

title = {Regulation of Electronic Cigarette Use in Public and Private Areas in 48 Countries Within the WHO European Region: A Survey to In-country Informants},

author = {Amalia B and Fu M and Feliu A and Tigova O and Fayokun R and Mauer-Stender K and Fernández E},

doi = {10.2188/jea.JE20200332},

issn = {1349-9092},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {J Epidemiol},

volume = {32},

number = {3},

pages = {131--138},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to describe the legislation regulating the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in various places in European countries.nnMETHODS: A survey among experts from all countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region was conducted in 2018. We collected and described data on legislation regulating e-cigarette use indoors and outdoors in public and private places, the level of difficulties in adopting the legislation, and the public support and compliance. Factors associated with the legislation adoption were identified with Poisson and linear regression analyses.nnRESULTS: Out of 48 countries, 58.3% had legislation on e-cigarette use at the national level. Education facilities were the most regulated place (58.3% of countries), while private areas (eg, homes, cars) were the least regulated ones (39.6%). A third of countries regulated e-cigarette use indoors. Difficulty and support in adopting the national legislation and its compliance were all at a moderate level. Countries' smoking prevalence and income levels were linked to legislation adoption.nnCONCLUSIONS: Although most WHO European Region countries had introduced e-cigarette use legislation at the national level, only a few of the legislation protect bystanders in indoor settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34651540,

title = {Association between biomarkers of tobacco consumption and lung cancer risk among daily smokers},

author = {González-Marrón A and Martín-Sánchez JC and Pérez-Ortuño R and Fu M and Ballbè M and Cartanyà-Hueso À and Matilla-Santander N and Pascual JA and Fernández E and Martínez-Sánchez JM},

doi = {10.1080/17476348.2022.1993064},

issn = {1747-6356},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Expert Rev Respir Med},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

pages = {247--252},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biomarkers of tobacco consumption may play a role in the lung cancer risk assessment. However, the role of salivary biomarkers has not been well studied. The aim of this study is to assess the use of salivary biomarkers of tobacco consumption as lung cancer screening criterion.nnRESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data came from the Determinants of cotinine phase 3 project (Barcelona, 2013-2014). We compared the concentrations of TSNAs, including NNAL, NNN and NNK, and cotinine, in saliva samples of 142 daily smokers from the general population according to their risk of lung cancer. High risk of lung cancer was defined as per the inclusion criteria in the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and in the Dutch-Belgian lung cancer screening trial (NELSON).nnRESULTS: Among daily smokers accomplishing the age criterion for lung cancer screening, salivary concentrations of cotinine, NNAL and NNK adjusted for sex were significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in daily smokers at high risk of lung cancer compared to smokers not at high risk according to both NELSON and NLST criteria.nnCONCLUSIONS: Saliva concentrations of cotinine, NNAL and NNK may be used as additional criteria for lung cancer screening. Further research on this topic is guaranteed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33563478,

title = {[Tobacco heated products: a new challenge in tobacco control]},

author = {Peruga A and Rodríguez Lozano F and López MJ and Córdoba García R and Nerín I and Sureda X and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.033},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {36},

number = {1},

pages = {57--59},

abstract = {As cigarette sales decline, the tobacco industry has turned to the sale of heated tobacco products (HTP), which are on the rise. We are concerned with reports erroneously indicating that heated tobacco is associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diseases than conventional cigarettes, citing as a source the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. The FDA has indeed authorized the sale of an HTP, but denies that this approval is an endorsement of the product or that it is safe. Philip Morris asked the FDA to approve this product as a "modified risk" tobacco product. However, the Agency denied that the risk to users' health was less than conventional cigarettes, despite emitting less amount of some toxicants. Spain and the European Union should end the regulatory privileges that HTPs have until now. We identified at least five aspects to improve: 1) compliance with the prohibition of HTPs use where smoking is prohibited; 2) control of the prohibition of advertising, promotion, and sponsorship of HTPs; 3) that HTPs carry the same type of labeling as cigarettes; 4) limit that HTPs have characteristic aromas; and 5) treat HTPs fiscally at the same level as cigarettes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33865630,

title = {[Evaluation of competences in scientific writing after two different types of training courses: SCRIU-B study protocol]},

author = {Serés E and Fernández E and García AM and Vives-Cases C and Bosch F},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.036},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {36},

number = {2},

pages = {188--192},

abstract = {Scientific writing is one of the competences required and requested by health professionals. There are several course formats designed for acquiring these competences, although the improvement after taking part in these courses is not always demonstrated. Through an open and non-randomized experimental design, the SCRIU-B study aims to evaluate the acquisition of competencies in scientific writing after specific training courses (face-to-face and online) as well as the satisfaction of the participants with these courses. A control group with participants from other training workshops not related to scientific writing is included. Through different questionnaires about knowledge, attitudes and skills we will evaluate and compare the improvement of their scientific writing skills. The results of the study will allow us to assess the usefulness of these courses and improve their format and implementation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34111773,

title = {Tobacco use among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment staff is associated with tobacco-related services received by clients},

author = {Guydish J and Le T and Hosakote S and Straus E and Wong J and Martínez C and Delucchi K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108496},

issn = {1873-6483},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {J Subst Abuse Treat},

volume = {132},

pages = {108496},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite disproportionately high rates of smoking among people in residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, few receive tobacco cessation services. Little is known about how smoking among treatment staff may impact this disparity. We explored the relationship between staff tobacco use and client tobacco use. Additionally, we examined the relationship between staff tobacco use and tobacco-related services reported by staff and clients.nnMETHODS: Staff (n = 363) and clients (n = 639) in 24 California publicly-funded residential SUD treatment programs were surveyed in 2019-20. Staff self-reported current tobacco use, as well as their beliefs, self-efficacy, and practices regarding smoking cessation. Clients reported their tobacco use and they services received while in treatment. Regression analyses examined the adjusted and unadjusted associations between staff and client tobacco use and other outcomes.nnRESULTS: Use of any tobacco product by staff ranged from 0% to 100% by program, with an average of 32% across programs. Adjusted analyses found that higher rates of staff tobacco use were associated with higher rates of client tobacco use, and with fewer clients receiving tobacco-related counseling. In programs that had higher rates of staff tobacco use, staff were less likely to believe that clients should quit smoking in treatment and had lower self-efficacy to address smoking.nnCONCLUSION: Higher rates of tobacco use among staff are associated with higher rates of client tobacco use and fewer clients receiving cessation counseling. Efforts to reduce tobacco use among SUD clients should be supported by efforts to reduce tobacco use among staff. SUD treatment programs, and agencies that fund and regulate those programs, should aim to reduce the use of tobacco products among staff.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34387341,

title = {Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys},

author = {Nogueira SO and Fernández E and Driezen P and Fu M and Tigova O and Castellano Y and Mons U and Herbeć A and Kyriakos CN and Demjén T and Trofor AC and Przewoźniak K and Katsaounou PA and Vardavas CI and Fong GT and EUREST-PLUS Consortium},

doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntab157},

issn = {1469-994X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nicotine Tob Res},

volume = {24},

number = {1},

pages = {85--92},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) poses serious and extensive health and economic-related consequences to European society and worldwide. Smoking bans are a key measure to reducing SHS exposure but have been implemented with varying levels of success. We assessed changes in the prevalence of self-reported SHS exposure and smoking behavior in public places among smokers in six European countries and the influence of the country's type of smoking ban (partial or total ban) on such exposure and smoking behavior.nnAIMS AND METHODS: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys were conducted among adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain in 2016 (Wave 1, n = 6011) and 2018 (Wave 2, n = 6027). We used generalized estimating equations models to assess changes between Waves 1 and 2 and to test the interaction between the type of smoking ban and (1) self-reported SHS exposure, (2) self-reported smoking in several public places.nnRESULTS: A significant decrease in self-reported SHS exposure was observed in workplaces, from 19.1% in 2016 to 14.0% in 2018 (-5.1%; 95% CI: -8.0%; -2.2%). Self-reported smoking did not change significantly inside bars (22.7% in Wave 2), restaurants (13.2% in Wave 2) and discos/nightclubs (34.0% in W2). SHS exposure in public places was significantly less likely (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.26-0.47) in the countries with total bans as compared to those countries with partial bans.nnCONCLUSION: The inverse association between smoking in public places and smoking bans indicates an opportunity for strengthening smoke-free legislation and protecting bystanders from exposure to SHS in public places.nnIMPLICATIONS: Prevalence of smokers engaging in and being exposed to smoking in public places varied by type of smoke-free legislation across six European Union countries in our study; those with total smoke bans reported significantly less exposure to SHS than those with partial or no bans. Our results indicate room for improvement, not only to decrease the prevalence of exposure to SHS in Europe but also to diminish the variability between countries through common, more restrictive smoke-free legislation, and importantly, strong and sustained enforcement.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34419288,

title = {[Lights and shadows for public health: A critical analysis of the tobacco legislation in Spain]},

author = {Feliu A and Martínez C and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.07.001},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {36},

number = {1},

pages = {48--52},

abstract = {Tobacco smoking is a chronic disease that is the leading preventable cause of death in developed countries. In Spain, the prevalence of tobacco use has decreased driven by the implementation of tobacco control policies; however, current legislation does not establish a harmonized regulation for all tobacco products. The aim of this article is to review the current legislation and critically analyze its limitations in relation to the principles of good administration now defined in the Law 39/2015. Spanish in force tobacco control policies main limitations can be divided into four areas: the lack of specific regulation for new tobacco products; the differences in their regulation; the lack of information to the general population on their harmful effects and the new developments in the regulation of smoke-free spaces; and the lack of adaptation of the regulation to the most recent scientific evidence. All in all, the quality of tobacco control regulations in Spain, despite the successes achieved with the Law 28/2005, has been compromised by the State's laxity in the legislative, regulatory, and administrative spheres, which has led to a regulatory stagnation that runs counter to the principles of good regulation. This review should encourage scientific organizations and civil society associations to call for an actualization of the tobacco legislation, with determined and coordinated prevention and control policies to promote a tobacco-free Spain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35330752,

title = {Tobacco products in the European Union Common Entry Gate (EU-CEG): A tool for monitoring the EU tobacco products directive},

author = {Carnicer-Pont D and Tigova O and Havermans A and Remue E and Ferech M and Vejdovszky K and Solimini R and Gallus S and Nunes E and Lange CC and Gomez-Chacon C and Ruiz-Dominguez F and Behrakis P and Vardavas CI and Fernandez E},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/145501},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {8},

pages = {10},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Under the European Union (EU) Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) (TPD), manufacturers and importers of tobacco products are required to report information to the European Commission (EC) and Member States (MS) on products intended to be placed on the market. We describe the distribution of notifications to the EU Common Entry Gate (EU-CEG) and identify key fields for improvement on reporting cigarettes or roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco.nnMETHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of secondary data reported in the EU-CEG was conducted for tobacco products notified within EU-CEG between June 2016 and October 2019 for 12 EU MS. Analysis of compliance to specific regulations for priority additives that refer to cigarettes and RYO was conducted for 10 EU countries.nnRESULTS: Overall, 39170 tobacco products were notified. This included 16762 (42.8%) notifications of cigars, followed by cigarettes 11242 (28.7 %), waterpipes 3291 (8.4%), cigarillos (n=1783), pipe (n=1715), RYO (n=1635), chewing tobacco (n=1021), novel tobacco products (n=839), herbal products for smoking (n=535), other (n=258), nasal (n=74) and oral tobacco (n=15). In cigarettes and RYO tobacco products, the proportion of ingredients notified in all countries that contained an unknown Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) number was 3.8% and 2.1%, respectively. The proportion of underreporting flagging of priority additives ranged from 15.9% in Malta to 41.3% in Lithuania, the mean proportion of underreporting of the variable 'priority additive' for the 10 countries together was 24.7%.nnCONCLUSIONS: In the EU-CEG data base, for the period of analysis, a significant number of product notifications took place while large variations in the number of types of tobacco products notified across EU countries was noted. The timely monitoring of these data is needed so that products non-compliant within the EU-CEG system are assessed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35477507,

title = {[Current use of electronic cigarettes among never smoker high school students]},

author = {Peruga A and Martínez C and Fu M and Ballbè M and Tigova O and Carnicer-Pont D and Fernández E},

doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.01.004},

issn = {1578-1283},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gac Sanit},

volume = {36},

number = {5},

pages = {433--438},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether electronic cigarettes use among secondary school students in Spain is associated with initiating nicotine use.nnMETHOD: Secondary analysis of the ESTUDES 2019 survey, a cross-sectional study conducted on a representative sample of students aged 14-18 years and selected students who had never smoked (n=16,705). We computed the prevalence and estimated the factors associated with current electronic cigarettes use (at least once in the month before the interview), with and without nicotine.nnRESULTS: The prevalence of current electronic cigarettes use among students who have never smoked is 2.5% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.2-2.9). 0.1% (95%CI: 0.08-0.2) declared using liquids with nicotine at least sometimes and 2.4% (95%CI: 2.1-2.8) using liquids always without nicotine. Being male and under 17 years of age, reporting binge drinking behavior, and having regular friends who use cannabis, increases the probability of current use of electronic cigarettes. The latter two variables seem to act as contextual variables associated with electronic cigarettes use.nnCONCLUSIONS: The percentage of Spanish never smoker students who currently use electronic cigarettes is lower than in neighboring countries, except for the United Kingdom. Only one in every 1000 Spanish students between 14 and 18 years old who have never smoked initiates the current use of nicotine with an electronic cigarette. However, we must monitor the evolution of this indicator.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35511766,

title = {Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years: A systemic review},

author = {Mourino N and Ruano-Raviña A and Varela Lema L and Fernández E and López MJ and Santiago-Pérez MI and Rey-Brandariz J and Giraldo-Osorio A and Pérez-Ríos M},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267319},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {17},

number = {5},

pages = {e0267319},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Serum cotinine has become the most widely used biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) over time in all ages. The aim of this study was to review the serum cotinine cut-points used to classify children under 5 years as exposed to SHS.nnMETHODS: A systematic review performed in the Pubmed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases up to April 2021 was conducted using as key words "serum cotinine", "tobacco smoke pollution" (MeSH), "secondhand smoke", "environmental tobacco smoke" and "tobacco smoke exposure". Papers which assessed SHS exposure among children younger than 5 years old were included. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Analysis was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021251263).nnRESULTS: 247 articles were identified and 51 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The selected studies were published between 1985-2020. Most of them included adolescents and adults. Only three assessed postnatal exposure exclusively among children under 5 years. None of the selected studies proposed age-specific cut-points for children < 5 years old. Cut-point values to assess SHS exposure ranged from 0.015 to 100 ng/ml. The most commonly used cut-point was 0.05 ng/ml, derived from the assay limit of detection used by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).nnCONCLUSIONS: No studies have calculated serum cotinine age-specific cut-points to ascertained SHS exposure among children under 5 years old. Children's age-specific cut-points are warranted for health research and public health purposes aimed at accurately estimating the prevalence of SHS exposure and attributable burden of disease to such exposure, and at reinforcing 100% smoke-free policies worldwide, both in homes, private vehicles and public places.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35515714,

title = {Measuring cigarette dependence: A comparison of two scales in two different groups of smokers},

author = {Fu M and Carnicer-Pont D and Castellano Y and Ballbè M and Sureda X and Raich A and Martínez-Sánchez JM and Martínez C and Baena A and Riccobene A and Enríquez M and Fernández E},

doi = {10.18332/tpc/146714},

issn = {2459-3087},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},

volume = {8},

pages = {15},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS) are usually used to assess cigarette dependence in clinical- and population-based studies. Our objective was to compare these two scales within groups of smokers from both contexts.nnMETHODS: The study was observational with smokers from a representative sample of the adult general population (n=188) and smokers attending a smoking cessation clinic in Barcelona, Spain (n=759). The FTCD and the CDS-5 (short version of 5 items) were used to assess cigarette dependence. We compared the standardized median scores obtained with both scales within each group of smokers by selected variables. To this aim, we re-scaled the scores of both scales to allow their comparison and assess their correlation within both groups.nnRESULTS: The scores obtained with both scales were highly correlated within both groups of smokers (p<0.001), indicating good agreement in the assessment of cigarette dependence. Nevertheless, higher standardized CDS-5 scores were observed more frequently in the population group overall (3.9 vs FTCD score=3.7, p=0.001), among women (4.5 vs 4.2; p<0.001), in the youngest group of smokers (3.9 vs 3.2; p<0.007) and in light smokers (time to the first cigarette >60 min; 1.7 vs 1.1; p<0.001).nnCONCLUSIONS: While the CDS-5 scored higher more frequently in the population group, the FTCD scored higher more frequently in the clinical group. These differences should be considered when designing either clinical- or population-based studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35803645,

title = {Determinants of participation in an online follow-up survey among nursing students},

author = {Laroussy K and Castellano Y and Fu M and Baena A and Feliu A and Margalef M and Aldazabal J and Tigova O and Galimany J and Puig M and Moreno C and Bueno A and López A and Roca J and Fernández E and Martínez C},

doi = {10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.04.008},

issn = {1532-8481},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {J Prof Nurs},

volume = {41},

pages = {108--114},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Determinants of participation in longitudinal studies are crucial for prevent attrition.nnAIM: To analyze determinants of participation in a follow-up survey among nursing students.nnMATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study among nursing students. We examined individual and contextual determinants of participation in an online follow-up survey (2018) among nursing students that had completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaire in baseline (2015-2016), using a multilevel logistic regression models.nnRESULTS: From the 4381 baseline participants, we identified 3440 eligible persons. The number of participants in the follow-up survey was 1252 (28.6%). Determinants of participation at follow-up were being female, aged ≤19 year-old in comparison with those older than 20, and being a never smoker compared with a current smoker.nnCONCLUSIONS: Nursing students' participation at the online follow-up survey was moderate. Being female, aged ≤19 year-old, and being never smoker were determinants of participation. To boost participation in online surveys, some strategies such as adapted communications channels, the use of reminders and incentives should be included.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}