Publications
2025
Blanco-Ferreiro A, Rey-Brandariz J, Ahluwalia JS, Varela-Lema L, Galán I, Santiago-Pérez MI, Sureda X, Fu M, Schiaffino A, José López M, Continente X, Candal-Pedreira C, Mahabee-Gittens M, Pérez-Ríos M.
Dimensions and domains to assess secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: insights from a Delphi study. Journal Article
Gac Sanit. 2025;39:102508.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40554131,
title = {Dimensions and domains to assess secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: insights from a Delphi study},
author = {Blanco-Ferreiro A and Rey-Brandariz J and Ahluwalia JS and Varela-Lema L and Galán I and Santiago-Pérez MI and Sureda X and Fu M and Schiaffino A and José López M and Continente X and Candal-Pedreira C and Mahabee-Gittens M and Pérez-Ríos M},
doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102508},
issn = {1578-1283},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-06-01},
journal = {Gac Sanit},
volume = {39},
pages = {102508},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify the dimensions and domains to be included in questionnaires when assessing self-reported secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in etiological studies and in population health surveys.nnMETHOD: A qualitative study was conducted in two stages. In stage one, based on a Delphi methodology, 16 experts in tobacco epidemiology completed two questionnaires and attended a group session. In stage two, triangulation interviews were conducted with six experts from the Delphi study to provided in-depth reflection on the domains identified in stage one. The recorded transcriptions were analyzed using a thematic approach.nnRESULTS: The experts discussed the importance of assessing SHS exposure in specific scenarios, highlighting the home, workplace, leisure venues, and private transport. They discussed the importance of asking about cohabiting with smokers when assessing exposure at home. The experts stressed the importance of differentiating between leisure venues, by prioritizing closed over open spaces. In population-based health surveys, the experts recommended that the recall time should be recent, referring to the last seven days. In etiological studies, they suggested that lifetime exposures should be explored.nnCONCLUSIONS: This study marks the first step toward identifying the dimensions and domains for assessing self-reported SHS exposure. Question standardization when ascertaining SHS exposure is critical to permit cross study comparisons and to analyze trends in the evolution of SHS exposure.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To identify the dimensions and domains to be included in questionnaires when assessing self-reported secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in etiological studies and in population health surveys.nnMETHOD: A qualitative study was conducted in two stages. In stage one, based on a Delphi methodology, 16 experts in tobacco epidemiology completed two questionnaires and attended a group session. In stage two, triangulation interviews were conducted with six experts from the Delphi study to provided in-depth reflection on the domains identified in stage one. The recorded transcriptions were analyzed using a thematic approach.nnRESULTS: The experts discussed the importance of assessing SHS exposure in specific scenarios, highlighting the home, workplace, leisure venues, and private transport. They discussed the importance of asking about cohabiting with smokers when assessing exposure at home. The experts stressed the importance of differentiating between leisure venues, by prioritizing closed over open spaces. In population-based health surveys, the experts recommended that the recall time should be recent, referring to the last seven days. In etiological studies, they suggested that lifetime exposures should be explored.nnCONCLUSIONS: This study marks the first step toward identifying the dimensions and domains for assessing self-reported SHS exposure. Question standardization when ascertaining SHS exposure is critical to permit cross study comparisons and to analyze trends in the evolution of SHS exposure.
Tigova O, Stival C, Castellano Y, Lugo A, Fu M, Mar López A, Martínez C, Soriano JB, O'Donnell R, Semple S, López MJ, Fernández E, Gallus S.
Prevalence and determinants of smoke-free homes in 12 European countries: the TackSHS Survey. Journal Article
ERJ Open Res. 2025;11.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40129551,
title = {Prevalence and determinants of smoke-free homes in 12 European countries: the TackSHS Survey},
author = {Tigova O and Stival C and Castellano Y and Lugo A and Fu M and Mar López A and Martínez C and Soriano JB and O'Donnell R and Semple S and López MJ and Fernández E and Gallus S},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00950-2024},
issn = {2312-0541},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-01},
journal = {ERJ Open Res},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Homes are one of the primary locations where people are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in Europe. We describe the prevalence and identify the main determinants of having home-smoking restrictions in 12 European countries.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional survey in 12 European countries conducted in 2017-2018 (TackSHS project). Approximately 1000 participants representing the general population aged ≥15 years of each country were interviewed face to face. Individual- and country-level characteristics were explored through adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) obtained from multilevel Poisson models with random effects.nnRESULTS: Among 11 734 participants, 70.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 69.4-71.0%) had smoke-free homes and 17.5% (95% CI 16.8-18.2%) had partial home-smoking restrictions in place. Prevalence of smoke-free homes ranged from 44.4% in Greece to 84.5% in England. Having a smoke-free home was significantly inversely associated with current (PR=0.60) or former (PR=0.95) smoking and living in a household with one (PR=0.70) or two or more (PR=0.58) people who smoke. It was also significantly associated with being ≥65 years old (PR=1.05), being female (PR=1.07), having a high educational level (PR=1.09) and living with children (PR=1.09). Having a smoke-free home was associated with living in northern Europe, while partial home-smoking restrictions were more likely among respondents from eastern Europe and countries with lower gross domestic product.nnCONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoke-free homes in Europe is relatively high, but with large variability across countries. European countries with a lower prevalence of smoke-free homes should implement tailored interventions targeting identified determinants and incorporate the success of other countries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Homes are one of the primary locations where people are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in Europe. We describe the prevalence and identify the main determinants of having home-smoking restrictions in 12 European countries.nnMETHODS: Cross-sectional survey in 12 European countries conducted in 2017-2018 (TackSHS project). Approximately 1000 participants representing the general population aged ≥15 years of each country were interviewed face to face. Individual- and country-level characteristics were explored through adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) obtained from multilevel Poisson models with random effects.nnRESULTS: Among 11 734 participants, 70.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 69.4-71.0%) had smoke-free homes and 17.5% (95% CI 16.8-18.2%) had partial home-smoking restrictions in place. Prevalence of smoke-free homes ranged from 44.4% in Greece to 84.5% in England. Having a smoke-free home was significantly inversely associated with current (PR=0.60) or former (PR=0.95) smoking and living in a household with one (PR=0.70) or two or more (PR=0.58) people who smoke. It was also significantly associated with being ≥65 years old (PR=1.05), being female (PR=1.07), having a high educational level (PR=1.09) and living with children (PR=1.09). Having a smoke-free home was associated with living in northern Europe, while partial home-smoking restrictions were more likely among respondents from eastern Europe and countries with lower gross domestic product.nnCONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoke-free homes in Europe is relatively high, but with large variability across countries. European countries with a lower prevalence of smoke-free homes should implement tailored interventions targeting identified determinants and incorporate the success of other countries.
Martinez C, Saura J, Enriquez M, Feliu A, Roca X, Castellano Y, Cabezas C, Suelves JM, Mondon S, Barrio P, Andreu M, Raich A, Fonseca F, Masferrer L, Bautista P, Fernandez E.
Patterns of Tobacco Use, Dependence, and Motivation to Quit Among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Alcohol and Cannabis Consumption in Catalonia (Spain). Journal Article
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2025:1–15.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40135674,
title = {Patterns of Tobacco Use, Dependence, and Motivation to Quit Among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Alcohol and Cannabis Consumption in Catalonia (Spain)},
author = {Martinez C and Saura J and Enriquez M and Feliu A and Roca X and Castellano Y and Cabezas C and Suelves JM and Mondon S and Barrio P and Andreu M and Raich A and Fonseca F and Masferrer L and Bautista P and Fernandez E},
doi = {10.1080/02791072.2025.2479102},
issn = {2159-9777},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-01},
journal = {J Psychoactive Drugs},
pages = {1--15},
abstract = {Understanding smoking behaviors in vulnerable groups is essential for effective cessation services. This study characterizes tobacco consumption and identifies factors associated with nicotine dependence and motivation to quit among individuals entering alcohol and cannabis treatment programs. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in ten centers in Barcelona province. Participants' sociodemographics and tobacco use were assessed, including cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence (Fagerström test). Self-efficacy and motivation to quit were measured on a 0-10 Likert scale. A decision-tree analysis identified factors linked to moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (Fagerström ≥ 5) and high cessation motivation (≥7). Most participants (96.1%) use tobacco daily, with 57.0% using manufactured and 42.2% roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes. Mean cigarette consumption was 15.2/day (SD = 8.7), with nicotine dependence (4.4, SD = 2.3). Cannabis users started smoking tobacco earlier than those who used alcohol. Over the past year, two-thirds attempted quitting and 60% had high cessation motivation. Self-efficacy for quitting was moderate (mean = 5.1; SD = 3.3). RYO use, age over 45, and alcohol use were associated with moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (probabilities = 0.52, 0.62, and 0.71, respectively). Having a non-tobacco social network was linked to a high motivation to quit (probability = 0.72). Participants had moderate nicotine dependence, low self-efficacy, and high motivation to quit tobacco. Dependence was higher among RYO users, ≥45 years/old, and people with alcohol use disorder. High motivation was more frequent among those with a non-tobacco social network. Integrating cessation support into substance treatment, focusing on RYO and young users, and promoting self-efficacy and tobacco-free socialization may enhance cessation success.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Understanding smoking behaviors in vulnerable groups is essential for effective cessation services. This study characterizes tobacco consumption and identifies factors associated with nicotine dependence and motivation to quit among individuals entering alcohol and cannabis treatment programs. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in ten centers in Barcelona province. Participants' sociodemographics and tobacco use were assessed, including cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence (Fagerström test). Self-efficacy and motivation to quit were measured on a 0-10 Likert scale. A decision-tree analysis identified factors linked to moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (Fagerström ≥ 5) and high cessation motivation (≥7). Most participants (96.1%) use tobacco daily, with 57.0% using manufactured and 42.2% roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes. Mean cigarette consumption was 15.2/day (SD = 8.7), with nicotine dependence (4.4, SD = 2.3). Cannabis users started smoking tobacco earlier than those who used alcohol. Over the past year, two-thirds attempted quitting and 60% had high cessation motivation. Self-efficacy for quitting was moderate (mean = 5.1; SD = 3.3). RYO use, age over 45, and alcohol use were associated with moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (probabilities = 0.52, 0.62, and 0.71, respectively). Having a non-tobacco social network was linked to a high motivation to quit (probability = 0.72). Participants had moderate nicotine dependence, low self-efficacy, and high motivation to quit tobacco. Dependence was higher among RYO users, ≥45 years/old, and people with alcohol use disorder. High motivation was more frequent among those with a non-tobacco social network. Integrating cessation support into substance treatment, focusing on RYO and young users, and promoting self-efficacy and tobacco-free socialization may enhance cessation success.
Martínez C, Camarelles Guillem F, González-Viana A, Sánchez Á, Tigova O, Fernández E.
[From evidence to practice: The Disemination and Implementation Science in primary care]. Journal Article
Aten Primaria. 2025;57:103077.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid39265319,
title = {[From evidence to practice: The Disemination and Implementation Science in primary care]},
author = {Martínez C and Camarelles Guillem F and González-Viana A and Sánchez Á and Tigova O and Fernández E},
doi = {10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103077},
issn = {1578-1275},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Aten Primaria},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {103077},
abstract = {Dissemination and Implementation Science focuses on bridging the gap between scientific research and its practical application in the real world. By identifying and promoting effective strategies, the Science of Dissemination and Implementation disseminates and implements evidence-based interventions in healthcare settings, taking into account the needs, barriers, context, resources, and end users. This special article introduces and debates the most recent advances in this field, highlighting key approaches, theoretical frameworks, as well as specific challenges and opportunities applied to primary and community care. Additionally, concrete examples tailored to the Spanish context are presented. Given the nascent state of the use of the Dissemination and Implementation Science in Spain, the authors recommend strategically adopting this approach and its principles in primary and community care to expedite the adoption of effective interventions that promote health.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dissemination and Implementation Science focuses on bridging the gap between scientific research and its practical application in the real world. By identifying and promoting effective strategies, the Science of Dissemination and Implementation disseminates and implements evidence-based interventions in healthcare settings, taking into account the needs, barriers, context, resources, and end users. This special article introduces and debates the most recent advances in this field, highlighting key approaches, theoretical frameworks, as well as specific challenges and opportunities applied to primary and community care. Additionally, concrete examples tailored to the Spanish context are presented. Given the nascent state of the use of the Dissemination and Implementation Science in Spain, the authors recommend strategically adopting this approach and its principles in primary and community care to expedite the adoption of effective interventions that promote health.
Teshima A, Martínez C, Filippidis FT, Laverty AA, Vardavas CI, Feliu A, Peruga A, Fernandez E.
Mapping indicators of tobacco and related product use: Unveiling challenges and variations in the Eurobarometer surveys over three decades. Journal Article
Tob Induc Dis. 2025;23.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40241742,
title = {Mapping indicators of tobacco and related product use: Unveiling challenges and variations in the Eurobarometer surveys over three decades},
author = {Teshima A and Martínez C and Filippidis FT and Laverty AA and Vardavas CI and Feliu A and Peruga A and Fernandez E},
doi = {10.18332/tid/202651},
issn = {1617-9625},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Tob Induc Dis},
volume = {23},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The European Commission's Special Eurobarometer surveys on tobacco are widely used as comparable and representative data across the European Union for monitoring consumption patterns. Despite their broad use, certain challenges persist, including inconsistencies in survey timelines and variations in the collected information across waves. This study aims to identify available tobacco and related product indicators, and assess their temporal comparability, to support researchers to better understand the potential uses of these data and their alignment with other sources.nnMETHODS: We explored questionnaires and reports in these surveys on tobacco from the Eurobarometer official website since its inception (1992, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020 and 2023 waves). We extracted and compared questions and responses on use of tobacco and related products, as well as on sociodemographic variables. Finally, we compared all indicators, including frequency and wording, and further mapped the consistency of the indicators and type of product used across the different waves.nnRESULTS: Current, daily, former and never use of conventional cigarettes has been consistently assessed across all waves, enabling temporal comparisons. From 2009, the surveys have expanded to include e-cigarette use; since 2012, the surveys include various combusted products such as cigars, pipes, cigarillos, and waterpipes, and from 2020, heated tobacco products. By contrast, detailed data on product-specific use intensity and initiation remain limited. While indicators for secondhand smoke exposure and smoking cessation were present in multiple waves, their comparability is hindered by variations in question-wording and responses.nnCONCLUSIONS: Some challenges exist in using Eurobarometer surveys for temporal estimation of tobacco-related burden. Nonetheless, these surveys remain a valuable and unique tool for monitoring tobacco and related product use across the European Union. To further enhance their utility, periodic re-evaluation by tobacco control experts is recommended to ensure that the surveys maintain comparability with past data while capturing effectively emerging products and trends.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: The European Commission's Special Eurobarometer surveys on tobacco are widely used as comparable and representative data across the European Union for monitoring consumption patterns. Despite their broad use, certain challenges persist, including inconsistencies in survey timelines and variations in the collected information across waves. This study aims to identify available tobacco and related product indicators, and assess their temporal comparability, to support researchers to better understand the potential uses of these data and their alignment with other sources.nnMETHODS: We explored questionnaires and reports in these surveys on tobacco from the Eurobarometer official website since its inception (1992, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020 and 2023 waves). We extracted and compared questions and responses on use of tobacco and related products, as well as on sociodemographic variables. Finally, we compared all indicators, including frequency and wording, and further mapped the consistency of the indicators and type of product used across the different waves.nnRESULTS: Current, daily, former and never use of conventional cigarettes has been consistently assessed across all waves, enabling temporal comparisons. From 2009, the surveys have expanded to include e-cigarette use; since 2012, the surveys include various combusted products such as cigars, pipes, cigarillos, and waterpipes, and from 2020, heated tobacco products. By contrast, detailed data on product-specific use intensity and initiation remain limited. While indicators for secondhand smoke exposure and smoking cessation were present in multiple waves, their comparability is hindered by variations in question-wording and responses.nnCONCLUSIONS: Some challenges exist in using Eurobarometer surveys for temporal estimation of tobacco-related burden. Nonetheless, these surveys remain a valuable and unique tool for monitoring tobacco and related product use across the European Union. To further enhance their utility, periodic re-evaluation by tobacco control experts is recommended to ensure that the surveys maintain comparability with past data while capturing effectively emerging products and trends.
Koprivnikar H, Carnicer-Pont D, López AM, González-Marrón A, Sæbø G, Gallus S, Possenti I, Lambrou A, Papachristou E, Pénzes M, Schoretsaniti S, Arteta N, Fernández E.
Recommendations for updating regulations on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and nicotine products in the European Union. Journal Article
Tob Prev Cessat. 2025;11.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40443706,
title = {Recommendations for updating regulations on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and nicotine products in the European Union},
author = {Koprivnikar H and Carnicer-Pont D and López AM and González-Marrón A and Sæbø G and Gallus S and Possenti I and Lambrou A and Papachristou E and Pénzes M and Schoretsaniti S and Arteta N and Fernández E},
doi = {10.18332/tpc/204275},
issn = {2459-3087},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Tob Prev Cessat},
volume = {11},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and nicotine products (TAPS) have proven effective in reducing their use. The Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2 (JATC2) aims to identify TAPS gaps in the current European Union (EU) regulations and to provide comprehensive recommendations for updating them.nnMETHODS: An online consultation with European TAPS national experts was conducted in 2023. Seventy-seven experts from 27 European countries were contacted and 38 experts from 21 countries participated in the consultation.nnRESULTS: Significant gaps in current TAPS regulations were identified, particularly in entertainment, online media and points of sale. Citizens are not adequately protected from TAPS, the tobacco industry extensively uses loopholes to circumvent regulations. TAPS-related issues currently affect tobacco and particularly non-therapeutic nicotine products, devices, accessories, products imitations and all marketing channels, entertainment, online media and especially, social networks. To address these challenges, regulations should include bans on internet sales and TAPS at points of sale, licensing, decreased retail availability, plain packaging and ban on corporate social responsibility actions, corporate promotion and 'brand stretching'. These measures should be accompanied by effective monitoring and enforcement, dissuasive sanctions, formalized collaboration among countries and international collaboration, civil society involvement, strong public education, and community awareness programs.nnCONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to address the current gaps in the EU TAPS regulations through comprehensive and harmonized TAPS bans across all EU countries. Updated regulations must anticipate emerging industry strategies and new products, ensuring continuous adaptation to counteract them effectively.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and nicotine products (TAPS) have proven effective in reducing their use. The Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2 (JATC2) aims to identify TAPS gaps in the current European Union (EU) regulations and to provide comprehensive recommendations for updating them.nnMETHODS: An online consultation with European TAPS national experts was conducted in 2023. Seventy-seven experts from 27 European countries were contacted and 38 experts from 21 countries participated in the consultation.nnRESULTS: Significant gaps in current TAPS regulations were identified, particularly in entertainment, online media and points of sale. Citizens are not adequately protected from TAPS, the tobacco industry extensively uses loopholes to circumvent regulations. TAPS-related issues currently affect tobacco and particularly non-therapeutic nicotine products, devices, accessories, products imitations and all marketing channels, entertainment, online media and especially, social networks. To address these challenges, regulations should include bans on internet sales and TAPS at points of sale, licensing, decreased retail availability, plain packaging and ban on corporate social responsibility actions, corporate promotion and 'brand stretching'. These measures should be accompanied by effective monitoring and enforcement, dissuasive sanctions, formalized collaboration among countries and international collaboration, civil society involvement, strong public education, and community awareness programs.nnCONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to address the current gaps in the EU TAPS regulations through comprehensive and harmonized TAPS bans across all EU countries. Updated regulations must anticipate emerging industry strategies and new products, ensuring continuous adaptation to counteract them effectively.
Peruga A, Tigova O, Feliu A, Carnicer-Pont D, Anton L, Bosch F, Rey-Pino JM, Salto E, Fernández E, Martínez C.
Tobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis. Journal Article
Tob Induc Dis. 2025;23.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid40495994,
title = {Tobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis},
author = {Peruga A and Tigova O and Feliu A and Carnicer-Pont D and Anton L and Bosch F and Rey-Pino JM and Salto E and Fernández E and Martínez C},
doi = {10.18332/tid/204750},
issn = {1617-9625},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Tob Induc Dis},
volume = {23},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Exposure to tobacco content in media among youth is a well-established risk factor for smoking initiation and continued use. This study assessed the prevalence and nature of tobacco imagery on Spanish prime-time television (TV) programming and its associations with program characteristics: genre, production nationality, and broadcast timing.nnMETHODS: A content analysis of 63959 minutes of TV programming in 2021, excluding advertisements and trailers, across 18 broadcast channels examined the presence of tobacco imagery: actual tobacco use, tobacco cultural cues, smoking ban violations, tobacco brand appearances, or any of these.nnRESULTS: The analysis revealed that 2.4% of the TV programming time contained at least one instance of tobacco imagery, resulting in 8.5 million impressions for viewers aged 4-24 years. Feature films had the highest prevalence of tobacco-related content (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=11.9; 95% CI: 9.5-14.9). Tobacco-related content appeared more frequently outside designated children's protection hours (PR=0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.80). However, its presence within the designated children's protection schedule remains a significant concern, generating 15.6 million tobacco impressions for young viewers.nnCONCLUSIONS: The seemingly modest content level of tobacco imagery (2.4%) translates into a substantial number of impressions for young viewers aged 4-24 years, including during the designated children's protection schedule. Reducing tobacco imagery in films and TV series represents a promising strategy for curbing youth smoking. However, the current reliance on youth protection schedules is inadequate. To better protect children from tobacco imagery, policies should mandate strong anti-tobacco disclaimers preceding programs featuring tobacco and certificates of No Pay-off for tobacco portrayals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to tobacco content in media among youth is a well-established risk factor for smoking initiation and continued use. This study assessed the prevalence and nature of tobacco imagery on Spanish prime-time television (TV) programming and its associations with program characteristics: genre, production nationality, and broadcast timing.nnMETHODS: A content analysis of 63959 minutes of TV programming in 2021, excluding advertisements and trailers, across 18 broadcast channels examined the presence of tobacco imagery: actual tobacco use, tobacco cultural cues, smoking ban violations, tobacco brand appearances, or any of these.nnRESULTS: The analysis revealed that 2.4% of the TV programming time contained at least one instance of tobacco imagery, resulting in 8.5 million impressions for viewers aged 4-24 years. Feature films had the highest prevalence of tobacco-related content (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=11.9; 95% CI: 9.5-14.9). Tobacco-related content appeared more frequently outside designated children's protection hours (PR=0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.80). However, its presence within the designated children's protection schedule remains a significant concern, generating 15.6 million tobacco impressions for young viewers.nnCONCLUSIONS: The seemingly modest content level of tobacco imagery (2.4%) translates into a substantial number of impressions for young viewers aged 4-24 years, including during the designated children's protection schedule. Reducing tobacco imagery in films and TV series represents a promising strategy for curbing youth smoking. However, the current reliance on youth protection schedules is inadequate. To better protect children from tobacco imagery, policies should mandate strong anti-tobacco disclaimers preceding programs featuring tobacco and certificates of No Pay-off for tobacco portrayals.
Afolayan OK, Velazquez J, Tundealao S, Fernández E, Martínez C, Leon-Novelo L, Retamales J, Tamí-Maury I.
Trends and Association between Smoking and the Socio-Demographic Index Among 11 South American Countries, 1990-2019. Journal Article
Subst Use Misuse. 2025;60:566–576.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{pmid39846443,
title = {Trends and Association between Smoking and the Socio-Demographic Index Among 11 South American Countries, 1990-2019},
author = {Afolayan OK and Velazquez J and Tundealao S and Fernández E and Martínez C and Leon-Novelo L and Retamales J and Tamí-Maury I},
doi = {10.1080/10826084.2024.2440384},
issn = {1532-2491},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Subst Use Misuse},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {566--576},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine prevalence trends in the use of smoked tobacco products in 11 South American (SA) countries (i.e., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela) and their association with country-specific socio-demographic index (SDI) over 30 years.nnDATA AND METHODS: The estimates of SDI and smoked tobacco prevalence stratified by age, sex, and country were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2019) on individuals aged 15+. The annual percentage changes (APCs) of trends in country-specific prevalence of smoked tobacco were evaluated using Joinpoint regression. Correlation analysis was also used to explore the association between country-specific prevalence of smoked tobacco and their SDIs, a measure of developmental status considering income per capita, educational attainment, and total fertility rate.nnRESULTS: While all SA countries showed an overall decline in smoked tobacco use prevalence between 1990 and 2019 (APCs between -0.52%-and -4.73%; < 0.05), Bolivia and Ecuador showed a significant increasing trend (APCs of 0.34% and 0.20%). Country-specific SDI was strongly and significantly correlated (rs = -0.99 to -0.85) with smoking prevalence in SA countries, except for Ecuador and Bolivia (rs = 0.16 and 0.36, respectively).nnCONCLUSION: In recent decades, most SA countries have experienced a significant reduction in the prevalence of smoked tobacco use, except Ecuador and Bolivia, where smoking rates have risen, showing a direct correlation with SDI. These findings can contribute to the design and implementation of strategies and policies for tobacco prevention and control in the SA region especially within the two affected countries - Ecuador and Bolivia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: To examine prevalence trends in the use of smoked tobacco products in 11 South American (SA) countries (i.e., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela) and their association with country-specific socio-demographic index (SDI) over 30 years.nnDATA AND METHODS: The estimates of SDI and smoked tobacco prevalence stratified by age, sex, and country were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2019) on individuals aged 15+. The annual percentage changes (APCs) of trends in country-specific prevalence of smoked tobacco were evaluated using Joinpoint regression. Correlation analysis was also used to explore the association between country-specific prevalence of smoked tobacco and their SDIs, a measure of developmental status considering income per capita, educational attainment, and total fertility rate.nnRESULTS: While all SA countries showed an overall decline in smoked tobacco use prevalence between 1990 and 2019 (APCs between -0.52%-and -4.73%; < 0.05), Bolivia and Ecuador showed a significant increasing trend (APCs of 0.34% and 0.20%). Country-specific SDI was strongly and significantly correlated (rs = -0.99 to -0.85) with smoking prevalence in SA countries, except for Ecuador and Bolivia (rs = 0.16 and 0.36, respectively).nnCONCLUSION: In recent decades, most SA countries have experienced a significant reduction in the prevalence of smoked tobacco use, except Ecuador and Bolivia, where smoking rates have risen, showing a direct correlation with SDI. These findings can contribute to the design and implementation of strategies and policies for tobacco prevention and control in the SA region especially within the two affected countries - Ecuador and Bolivia.