Smoking and other forms of tobacco use are considered the leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. The design and additives of tobacco products provide the industry with a primary tool for innovations that can undermine public health programs and support tobacco use and dependence. In recent years, many new technologies and cigarette design features have been developed and adopted, such as new tobacco blends, filters, venting, and additives, including flavors. Within this evolutionary process, new tobacco products have emerged, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, further perpetuating the complexity of understanding and, subsequently, effectively regulating the products.