EUREST-PLUS: European Regulatory Science on Tobacco: Policy implementation to reduce lung diseases

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European Regulatory Science on Tobacco: Policy implementation to reduce lung diseases – The EUREST-PLUS Project.

Background 

Smoking and other forms of tobacco consumption are considered the single most important cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. Efforts to reduce the devastation of tobacco-related deaths and illness in the EU consist of the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), and the on-going implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

Main objective

The main objective of EUREST-PLUS is to monitor and evaluate the impact of the TPD within the context of the FCTC ratification at a European level. These articles in the TPD address issues of tobacco product ingredients, additives, reporting, packaging, labelling, illicit trade, cross border sales, and e-cigarettes.

Methodology

To achieve the main objective of the project four specific tasks were identified and the corresponding methodology of each was defined:

  1. The psychosocial and behavioural impact of TPD implementation will be evaluated through the creation of a cohort study of adult smokers in 6 EU MS (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain) in a pre- vs. post- study design.
  2. Support for TPD implementation will be assessed through secondary dataset analyses of the 2015 Special Eurobarometer on Tobacco Survey (SETS), and through trend analyses on the merged datasets of the 2009, 2012 and 2015 SETS datasets.
  3. Changes in e-cigarette product parameters (technical design, labelling, packaging and chemical composition) following implementation of Article 20 of the TPD will be documented.
  4. The pooling and comparisons across both other EU countries of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project and other non-EU countries will be performed to enhance innovative joint research collaborations.

Workpackages

  • WP1. Coordination (WP Leader: ENSP).
  • WP2. Longitudinal Cohort Study on Tobacco Control in the EU: Wave 1 (WP Leader: UW).
  • WP3. Longitudinal Cohort Study on Tobacco Control in the EU: Wave 2 (WP Leader: UOA).
  • WP4. Cross-country analyses of ITC cohorts: EU and non-EU pooled analyses (WP Leader: KCL).
  • WP5. Secondary analyses of the Special Eurobarometer on Tobacco Surveys (WP Leader: UOC).
  • WP6. Assessing e-cigarette product compliance to the TPD (WP Leader: DKFZ).
  • WP7. Maximising impact through communication and dissemination (WP Leader: ERS).

Duration
36 months: from 01/2016 to 12/2018.

Funding
Grant No. 681109. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (€ 2,325,545).

Principal investigator and coordinating centre
Dr. Constantine Vardavas, European Network for Smoking Prevention.

Partners

eurest+ gf

Participant Participant organisation name (short name) Country
1. Constantine Vardavas European Network for Smoking/Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) Belgium
2. Prof. Ann McNeill Kings College London (KCL) UK
3. Dr. Ute Mons German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Germany
4. Prof. Marc Willemsen University of Maastricht (UniMaas) The Netherlands
5. Prof. Yiannis Tountas University of Athens (UoA) Greece
6. Prof. Antigona Trofor Aer Pur Romania (APR) Romania
7. Mr. Brian Ward European Respiratory Society (ERS) Switzerland
8. Prof. Geoffrey Fong University of Waterloo (UW) Canada
9. Dr. Esteve Fernández Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Spain
10. Dr. Tibor Demjén Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF) Hungary
11. Prof. Witold Zatonski Health Promotion Foundation (HPF) Poland
12. Prof. Aristidis Tsatsakis University of Crete (UoC) Greece
13. Dr. Nicolas Bécuwe TNS Opinion Europe (TNS) Belgium

 

Web: www.eurestplus.eu

Twitter: @eurestplus

Results

Publications

  1. Nogueira SO, Fernández E, Driezen P, Fu M, Tigova O, Castellano Y, Mons U, Herbeć A, Kyriakos CN, Demjén T, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Katsaounou PA, Vardavas CI, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jan 1;24(1):85-92. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab157.  
  2. Nogueira SO, Driezen P, Fu M, Hitchman SC, Tigova O, Castellano Y, Kyriakos CN, Zatoński MZ, Mons U, Quah ACK, Demjén T, Trofor AC, Przewozniak K, Katsaounou P, Fong G, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Beyond the European Union Tobacco Products Directive: smokers‘ and recent quitters‘ support for further tobacco control measures (2016-2018). Tob Control. 2021 Mar 16:tobaccocontrol-2020-056177. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056177. 
  3. Maria Lotrean L, Trofor A, Radu-Loghin C, Eremia M, Mihaltan F, Driezen P, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Demjén T, Fernández E, Katsaounou PA, Przewoźniak K, Filippidis FT, Gravely S, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Awareness and use of heated tobacco products among adult smokers in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii78-iii83. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz228.  
  4. Papadakis S, Katsaounou P, Kyriakos CN, Balmford J, Tzavara C, Girvalaki C, Driezen P, Filippidis FT, Herbeć A, Hummel K, McNeill A, Mons U, Fernández E, Fu M, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Zatoński WA, Willemsen M, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST- PLUS consortium. Quitting behaviours and cessation methods used in eight European Countries in 2018: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii26-iii33. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa082.
  5. Chung-Hall J, Fong GT, Meng G, Craig LV, McNeill A, Hitchman SC, Fernández E, Mons U, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Demjén T, Katsaounou PA, Kyriakos CN, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Support for e-cigarette policies among smokers in seven European countries: longitudinal findings from the 2016-18 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii68-iii77. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa085.  
  6. Vardavas CI, Kyriakos CN, McNeill A, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Evaluating the impact of the Tobacco Products Directive within the context of the FCTC in Europe-findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys: introductory Commentary. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii1-iii3. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa110.  
  7. Kahnert S, Driezen P, Balmford J, Kyriakos CN, Aleyan S, Hitchman SC, Nogueira S, Demjén T, Fernández E, Katsaounou PA, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Mons U; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive-findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii84-iii90. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa039.  
  8. Nogueira SO, Tigova O, Driezen P, Fu M, Kyriakos CN, Zatoński M, Mons U, Quah ACK, Demjén T, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Katsaounou PA, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Do smokers want to protect non-smokers from the harms of second-hand smoke in cars? Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii108-iii112. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa056.  
  9. Kahnert S, Driezen P, Balmford J, Kyriakos CN, Demjén T, Fernández E, Katsaounou PA, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Mons U; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on self– reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship in smokers-findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii55-iii61. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa055.  
  10. Kyriakos CN, Driezen P, Girvalaki C, Hitchman SC, Filippidis FT, Gravely S, Balmford J, Nikitara K, Mons U, Fernández E, Przewoźniak K, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Zatoński W, Tountas Y, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Awareness and correlates of noticing changes to cigarette packaging design after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii98-iii107. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa057.  
  11. McDermott MS, East KA, Hitchman SC, McNeill A, Tountas Y, Demjén T, Fernández E, Mons U, Trofor AC, Herbeć A, Janik-Koncewicz K, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii46-iii54. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa014.  
  12. Vardavas CI, Kyriakos CN, Driezen P, Girvalaki C, Nikitara K, Filippidis FT, Fernández E, Mons U, Przewoźniak K, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Katsaounou PA, Zatoński W, Willemsen M, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Transitions in product use during the implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: cohort study findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii10-iii17. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa023. 
  13. Zatoński M, Herbeć A, Zatoński W, Janik-Koncewicz K, Driezen P, Demjén T, Fernández E, Fong GT, Quah ACK, Kyriakos CN, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Mons U, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Vardavas CI, Przewoźniak K; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Cessation behaviours among smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes following the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii34-iii37. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa050.  
  14. Aleyan S, Driezen P, McNeill A, McDermott M, Kahnert S, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Fernández E, Trofor AC, Zatoński M, Demjén T, Katsaounou PA, Przewoźniak K, Balmford J, Filippidis FT, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Hitchman SC; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Evaluating the impact of introducing standardized packaging with larger health-warning labels in England: findings from adult smokers within the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii91-iii97. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa053.  
  15. Nikitara K, Girvalaki C, Kyriakos CN, Driezen P, Filippidis FT, Kahnert S, Hitchman SC, Mons U, Fernández E, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Demjén T, Katsaounou PA, Zatoński W, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Changes in electronic cigarette use and label awareness among smokers before and after the European Tobacco Products Directive implementation in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii62-iii67. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa081.  
  16. Girvalaki C, Filippidis FT, Kyriakos CN, Driezen P, Herbeć A, Mons U, Papadakis S, Mechili EA, Katsaounou PA, Przewoźniak K, Fernández E, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, The Eurest-Plus Consortium. Perceptions, Predictors of and Motivation for Quitting among Smokers from Six European Countries from 2016 to 2018: Findings from EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 28;17(17):6263. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176263.  
  17. Filippidis FT, Driezen P, Kyriakos CN, Katsaounou P, Petroulia I, Girvalaki C, Fu M, Fernández E, Mons U, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Fong GT, Tountas Y, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Transitions from and to roll-your–own tobacco, perceptions and health beliefs among smokers: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii18-iii25. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz214.  
  18. Gravely S, Driezen P, Kyriakos CN, Thompson ME, Balmford J, Demjén T, Fernández E, Mons U, Tountas Y, Janik-Koncewicz K, Zatoński W, Trofor AC, Vardavas CI, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. European adult smokers‘ perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes: cohort findings from the 2016 and 2018 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii38-iii45. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz215.  
  19. Thompson ME, Driezen P, Boudreau C, Bécuwe N, Agar TK, Quah ACK, Zatoński W, Przewoźniak K, Mons U, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor A, Fernández E, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Vardavas C, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Methods of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii4-iii9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz212. Erratum in: Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jul 1;30(Suppl_3):iii113.  
  20. Herbeć A, Zatoński M, Zatoński WA, Janik-Koncewicz K, Mons U, Fong GT, Quah ACK, Driezen P, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Fernández E, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Vardavas CI, Przewoźniak K; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Dependence, plans to quit, quitting self-efficacy and past cessation behaviours among menthol and other flavoured cigarette users in Europe: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Sep 19;16:A19. doi: 10.18332/tid/111356.  
  21. Fu M, Castellano Y, Tigova O, Mons U, Agar T, Kyriakos CN, Quah ACK, Fong GT, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Correlates of the support for smoke-free policies among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC EUROPE SURVEYS. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 27;16:A17. doi: 10.18332/tid/103918.  
  22. Demjén T, Kiss J, Kovács PA, Mons U, Kahnert S, Driezen P, Kyriakos CN, Zatoński M, Przewoźniak K, Fu M, Fernández E, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. The purchase sources of and price paid for cigarettes in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 26;16:A16. doi: 10.18332/tid/100413.  
  23. East KA, Hitchman SC, McDermott M, McNeill A, Herbeć A, Tountas Y, Bécuwe N, Demjén T, Fu M, Fernández E, Mons U, Trofor AC, Zatoński WA, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Social norms towards smoking and electronic cigarettes among adult smokers in seven European Countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 22;16:A15. doi: 10.18332/tid/104417. 
  24. Hedman L, Katsaounou PA, Filippidis FT, Ravara SB, Lindberg A, Janson C, Gratziou C, Rohde G, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Fernández E, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Przewoźniak K, Tountas Y, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 20;16:A14. doi: 10.18332/tid/102787.  
  25. Driezen P, Thompson ME, Fong GT, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Fernández E, Mons U, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Cross- border purchasing of cigarettes among smokers in Six Countries of the EUREST- PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 7;16:A13. doi: 10.18332/tid/100411.  
  26. Nogueira SO, Tigova O, Castellano Y, Mons U, Kyriakos CN, McNeill A, Trofor AC, Zatoński WA, Przewoźniak K, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Quah ACK, Fong GT, Fu M, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Cigarette brand loyalty among smokers in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Feb 20;16:A12. doi: 10.18332/tid/99116.  
  27. Tigova O, Amalia B, Castellano Y, Fu M, Nogueira SO, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Trofor AC, Zatoński WA, Przewoźniak K, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Quah ACK, Fong GT, Fernández E, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosols among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Feb 15;16:A11. doi: 10.18332/tid/99117.  
  28. Trofor AC, Papadakis S, Lotrean LM, Radu-Loghin C, Eremia M, Mihaltan F, Driezen P, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Demjén T, Nogueira SO, Fernández E, Tountas Y, Przewoźniak K, McNeill A, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Knowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Feb 13;16:A10. doi: 10.18332/tid/99542.  
  29. Petroulia I, Kyriakos CN, Papadakis S, Tzavara C, Filippidis FT, Girvalaki C, Peleki T, Katsaounou P, McNeill A, Mons U, Fernández E, Demjén T, Trofor AC, Herbeć A, Zatoński WA, Tountas Y, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Patterns of tobacco use, quit attempts, readiness to quit and self-efficacy among smokers with anxiety or depression: Findings among six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Feb 5;16:A9. doi: 10.18332/tid/98965. Erratum in: Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Nov 22;17:83.  
  30. Fu M, Castellano Y, Tigova O, Kyriakos CN, Fong GT, Mons U, Zatoński WA, Agar TK, Quah ACK, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Przewoźniak K, Tountas Y, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Prevalence and correlates of different smoking bans in homes and cars among smokers in six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Jan 31;16:A8. doi: 10.18332/tid/94827.  
  31. Nogueira SO, McNeill A, Fu M, Kyriakos CN, Mons U, Fernández E, Zatoński WA, Trofor AC, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Przewoźniak K, Quah ACK, Fong GT, Hitchman SC, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Impact of anti-smoking advertising on health-risk knowledge and quit attempts across 6 European countries from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey. Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Dec 17;16:A5. doi: 10.18332/tid/96251.  
  32. Zatoński M, Herbeć A, Zatoński W, Przewoźniak K, Janik-Koncewicz K, Mons U, Fong GT, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Fernández E, McNeil A, Willemsen M, Hummel K, Quah ACK, Kyriakos CN, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Characterising smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes, their attitudes towards tobacco regulation, and the anticipated impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on their smoking and quitting behaviours: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Dec 14;16:A4. doi: 10.18332/tid/96294.  
  33. Fong GT, Thompson ME, Boudreau C, Bécuwe N, Driezen P, Agar TK, Quah ACK, Zatoński WA, Przewoźniak K, Mons U, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Fernández E, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. The Conceptual Model and Methods of Wave 1 (2016) of the EUREST-PLUS ITC 6 European Countries Survey. Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Dec 12;16:A3. doi: 10.18332/tid/99881.  
  34. Vardavas CI, Bécuwe N, Demjén T, Fernández E, McNeill A, Mons U, Tountas Y, Trofor AC, Tsatsakis A, Rohde G, Willemsen M, Przewozniak K, Zatonski WA, Fong GT; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Study Protocol of European Regulatory Science on Tobacco (EUREST-PLUS): Policy implementation to reduce lung disease. Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Aug 21;16:A2. doi: 10.18332/tid/93305.  
  35. Kyriakos CN, Filippidis FT, Hitchman S, Girvalaki C, Tzavara C, Demjén T, Fernandez E, Mons U, Trofor A, Tountas Y, Zatoński M, Zatoński WA, Fong GT, Vardavas CI; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Characteristics and correlates of electronic cigarette product attributes and undesirable events during e-cigarette use in six countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Aug 5;16:A1. doi: 10.18332/tid/93545.  
  36. Fu M, Castellano Y, Tigova O, Mons U, Agar T, Kyriakos CN, Trofor AC, Quah ACK, Fong GT, Przewoźniak K, Zatoński WA, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Vardavas CI, Fernández E; EUREST-PLUS consortium. Smoking in public places in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Mar 28;16:A18. doi: 10.18332/tid/104673.  
  37. Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Kyriakos CN, Vardavas AI, Stivaktakis PD, Kavvalakis M, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Composition and chemical health hazards of the most common electronic cigarette liquids in nine European countries. Inhal Toxicol. 2018 Aug-Aug;30(9-10):361-369. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1527879.  
  38. Hummel K, Nagelhout GE, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Papadakis S, Herbeć A, Mons U, van den Putte B, Borland R, Fernández E, de Vries H, McNeill A, Gravely S, Przewoźniak K, Kovacs P, Trofor AC, Willemsen MC. Quitting activity and use of cessation assistance reported by smokers in eight European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2018;16(Suppl 2):A6. doi: 10.18332/tid/98912.  
  39. Kahnert S, Demjén T, Tountas Y, Trofor A, Przewoźniak K, Zatónski WA, Fernández E, McNeill A, Willemsen M, Kyriakos CN, Fong GT, Vardavas C, Mons U; EUREST-PLUS Consortium. Extent and correlates of self-reported exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in smokers: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2018;16(Suppl 2):A7. doi: 10.18332/tid/94828.  
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